Effect of Woolen Cloth to Maintain Temperature 39°C of Crystaloid Fluid Ringer Lactate at Room Temperature 18°C

Fluid resuscitation with 39ᵒC is one of the main therapies for hypovolemic (hemorrhagic) shock patients to prevent complications. In this time, we already have tools to keep the fluid warm, but not all health services have these tools. To find out the effectiveness of using woolen cloth against the temperature of Ringer Lactate 39°C crystalloid fluid at room temperature 18°C. This study used a pre-experimental method, with a static group comparison approach, with 4 Ringer Lactate liquid samples divided into 2 groups, namely groups using wool cloth and those not using woolen cloth. Data collected through observation sheets. Data analyzed using the Mann Whitney test. With this p value (0.00001) <α (0.05), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the use of woolen cloth and those that do not use woolen cloth. The woolen cloth is effective to slow down the decrease in temperature of the crystalloid liquid Ringer Lactate 39ᵒC at room temperature 18ᵒC. The difference in temperature changes in the Ringer Lactate crystalloid fluid is influenced by several things including humidity, ambient temperature, and additional material used.

The Image of the Russians in Chinese and Japanese Linguistic Cultures (On the Base of Zoomorphic Metaphor)

In this article, authors analyze zoomorphic metaphor that the Chinese and the Japanese used when they characterize the Russians. On the first stage of study we did associative experiment with questionnaire. 100 of Chinese students and 100 of Japanese students took part. On the base of analyze of answers we selected by three typical zoonymes in Chinese and Japanese culture charactering the Russians. On the second stage of study we have analyzed associations and images of these animals existing in Russian, Chinese and Japanese linguistic cultures. The Russians have images of bear, wolf and panther in Chinese culture and bear, wolf and fox in Japanese culture. It must be marked that all images are ambivalent and have as positive as negative characteristics. Because of the image of animals are different in Chinese and Japanese culture, the associations connecting with these animals are also different. But as the Chinese as the Japanese pay attentions on the appearance, then for the Chinese behavior is important, but for the Japanese color, place of living connecting with cold and woolen cloth that the Russian are dressed are important. The association on contiguity (the wool in animal, the cloth in man) is appeared. The white color is also important because it is associated with color of skin. The color is specified in zoonymes used by the Japanese the next way: bear 28 times, hare 10 times, hamster 9 times, fox 6 times, horse 3 times and squirrel 3 times. As for the Chinese this parameter is not important. Zoomorphic metaphor used in the relation with the Russians is connected with the following parameters. As for the Chinese with -physical characteristics (powerful, strong and, hard); imagination about Russian nation as a military nation; behavior (rough, aggressive and slow); character (open-hearted, kind and brave). As for the Japanese with appearance (beautiful, tall and white); place of living (cold place, many woolen dresses, resistant to the cold); behavior (slow, not pay attention to the surrounding people); size (big); physical characteristics (powerful).

TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF DARGINS IN FOLKLORE

тHE ARTICLE COVERS THE DARGINS’ TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS REFLECTED IN FOLKLORE. THE AUTHOR OF THE ARTICLE CONSIDERS FOLK PROVERBS, SAYINGS, DAILY LIFE FAIRY TALES, LYRICAL SONGS, WHICH DEPICT LABOR OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, DESCRIBES CRAFTSMEN’S TOOLS, PECULIARITIES OF MANUFACTURING OF PRODUCTS, ETC. A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE DARGINS IS A STRONGLY PRONOUNCED SPECIALIZATION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO BRANCHES. SO, IN THE 19TH - 20TH CENTURIES THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI AND TWO NEARBY VILLAGES - KHARBUK AND AMUZGI - WERE INSEPARABLE PARTS OF ONE LARGE METAL-WORKING PRODUCTION. THIS FEATURE IS REFLECTED IN THE FOLKLORE MATERIALS OF THESE VILLAGES. MANY FOLK GENRES OF THE DARGINS TELL OF DILIGENCE OF THE CRAFTSMEN, THE IMPORTANCE OF MASTERING CRAFT SKILLS, OF CRAFTSMANSHIP, AND SOME OF THEM ARE OF INSTRUCTIVE NATURE. THE PECULIARITIES OF THE JEWELRY CRAFT OF THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI ARE REFLECTED IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS ABOUT THE CRAFT, CRAFTSMEN’S ORAL STORIES ABOUT THEIR WORK, ABOUT TRIPS ON TRADE MATTERS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PUPILS, ABOUT UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CRAFTSMANSHIP. IN DAILY LIFE AND LYRICAL SONGS OF THE KUBACHINS, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WOMEN’S CRAFTS OF WOOL PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF WOOLEN CLOTH, FEATURES OF EMBROIDERING OF TRADITIONAL CLOTHES, AND METHODS OF DECORATION OF CLOTHES ARE SHOWN. THE AUTHOR OF THE ARTICLE ALSO CONSIDERS THE SONGS, WHICH WOMEN OF THE VILLAGE OF KHARBUK PERFORM DURING COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES. IN LOVE SONGS, SONGS EXPRESSING THOUGHTS, SONGS OF MIGRATORY LABORERS, THERE ARE LYRICAL METAPHORS CONNECTED WITH METAL-WORKING CRAFTS OF THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI. TOPONYMIC MATERIALS AND SURVIVING NAMES OF THE VILLAGES WHERE THE DARGINS LIVE ALSO PRESENT EVIDENCES OF THE CRAFTS. THE WORKS OF THE DARGIN FOLKLORE ARE IMPORTANT ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCES, WHICH CAN GIVE VALUABLE INFORMATION ON TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, ON TECHNOLOGY OF HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURING, ETC.

Beyond the Obraje: Handicraft Production in Quito Toward the End of the Colonial Period

The obrajes of the Sierra and the plantations of the Coast are the poles around which, in different eras, the economy of the Audiencia of Quito seems to revolve. Woolen cloth and cacao are the two products that allowed this territory to participate in regional and international commercial circuits, and have attracted the most attention from historians in the last two decades.In a region lacking large mining centers, encomenderos were from early times compelled to develop activities that would allow them to move in the Andean colonial sphere, which was dominated by the “Rich Hill” of Potosí, the actual force behind the formation of this great interregional market, as Carlos Sempat Assadourian has demonstrated. The inter-Andean corridor and its plateaus, suitable for the raising of sheep and a source of ready Indian labor, facilitated the development of the obrajes that were set up in Indian communities, on private haciendas, and in urban areas.

AVERMECTIN B1a AS A LONG-TERM PROTECTANT OF WOOLEN FABRIC1

Woolen cloth treated in emulsion baths at concentrations of 0.001, 0.003 and 0.005% AI in the bath with Avermectin B1a, a natural product derived from the soil actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis, was stored for 60 months in a room maintained at 27 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5 RH. After 60 months in storage, feeding tests conducted with the cloth with larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, and the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel), showed that the cloth treated at all bath concentrations was still satisfactorily protected.

PERMETHRIN AS A LONG-TERM PROTECTANT OF WOOLEN FABRIC1

An aqueous pressurized spray and an oil aerosol formulation of permethrin were used to treat square foot samples of woolen cloth to protect it against fabric pests. Initial protection and protection through 6 months of aging was obtained against feeding damage by larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, and the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel). Additional samples were stored in a dark closet in a room maintained at ca. 24°C for 78 months and the feeding tests were repeated. Both formulations continued to provide a high degree of protection against the above species of fabric insects. Currently, a label is pending at the Environmental Protection Agency with a 6-month claim for protection in storage when applied as directed. However, an extremely high degree of protection may be obtained for several years when treated woolens are stored in the dark.

MOTHPROOFING STUDIES WITH FENVALERATE1

Fenvalerate (cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro-α-(l-methylethyl)benzeneacetate) applied to woolen cloth as a pressurized solvent-based formulation protected the cloth against feeding damage by larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor (Brahm), of the furniture carpet beetle, Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, and of the webbing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel), both initially and after the treatments had aged for 15 months. The fenvalerate treatments that had aged for 6 months were also effective against the adults of the above species of fabric insects.