Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Kawat Bendrat Terhadap Kuat Lentur Beton Geopolimer

Currently, innovation continues to be developed to replace cement with other materials so that the use of cement as a building material can be reduced. Utilization of coal waste (fly ash) is an alternative to subtitude cement. From previous studies, fly ash mixed with alkaline materials in the form of NaOH and Na2SiO3 in a ratio of 1:5 can produce geopolymer concrete. This geopolymer concrete research was continued by adding bendrat wire fibers into the geopolymer concrete mixture. The method used in testing the aggregate, testing the compressive strength of normal concrete K225, testing the flexural strength of normal concrete and geopolymer concrete refers to SNI. Another additional material that is mixed is bendrat wire fiber. The research was carried out in the form of making flexible beams of 10 cm x 10 cm x 50 cm with fiber variations of 0%, 0.5%, and 1,0% at the age of 14 and 28 days. The results of the flexural strength test of the BN beam at the age of 28 days can withstand loads than BG. The average flexural strength obtained with variations of BN, BN+SB 0.5% and BN+SB 1.0% respectively were 2.796 MPa, 3.113 MPa, and 3.879 MPa. The results of testing the average flexural strength of geopolymer concrete beams at 28 days, obtained variations of BG, BG+SB 0.5%, and BG+SB 1.0% respectively were 0 MPa, 0.055 MPa and 0.104 MPa. In addition, geopolymer concrete cannot be used as a beam and the addition of bendrat wire fiber to geopolymer concrete cannot withstand the tensile load on the concrete.

Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida)

Perinereis anderssoni Kinberg, 1865 originally described from Brazil has been attributed with a wide distribution on the American Atlantic coasts, ranging from Brazil to Bermuda, due to the synonymy of Nereis bairdii Webster, 1884 and Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala McIntosh, 1885. In this paper, the synonymy of Nereis bairdii with Perinereis anderssoni is rejected based on a re-examination of the syntypes of N. bairdii which are found to contain two species requiring designation of a lectotype and paralectotypes here redescribed as Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and the remaining specimens are here described as Perinereis websteri sp. nov. The synonymy of Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala with P. anderssoni is rejected and the synonymy with P. bairdii proposed by previous authors is accepted here. A description of P. anderssoni, a redescription of P. floridana, and a description of the males of P. cariboea with additional material are provided for comparison. A key to identifying all Atlantic Perinereis species is also included.

Harmozica zangezurica (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Hygromiidae) - a cryptic species of land molluscs from southern Armenia

Additional material collected in September 2019 made it possible to clarify the range of conchological variability of Harmozica zangezurica recently described from the Syunik region of Armenia, which largely overlaps with that of Harmozica pisiformis thus rendering impossible the reliable identification of empty shells. At the same time the stability has been proven of a diagnostic feature of H. zangezurica - very long vaginal appendages whose length is approximately equal to the total length of the penis and epiphallus. This character allows reliable distinguishing of H. zangezurica not only from the conchologically similar species H. pisiformis , but also from other representatives of the genus Harmozica . Some data on the ecology and life cycle of H. zangezurica were obtained.

EFL Teachers’ Strategies in Implementing the 21st Century Skills Applied in 2013 Curriculum

Curriculum is a guide that has a very crucial role in the learning process. As a guide that determines success in achievement in learning, it is necessary to make improvements in the preparation of the curriculum, therefore curriculum 13 is designed for learning in the 21st century. The aim of this research is to investigate the strategies of EFL teachers in applying the 21st century skills embedded in the 2013 curriculum. This research uses a qualitative research approach. Research data were obtained through in-depth interviews, document analysis, and observation. The data analysis in this research used descriptive qualitative. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) Four English teachers at SMAN 1 Pringgarata usedasking questions, group discussions, debates, role play, inquiry-based learning, project-based learning, and social media to teach, students acquire using these strategies learning skills, literacy skills, and life skills such as critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication, information literacy, media literacy, technology literacy, flexibility, social, and leadership skills in which these skills are embedded in 2013 curriculum 2) The problems faced by teachers were different characters of students, lack of student motivation, mastery of teaching strategies was low, crowded class, limited teaching time allotment, and lack of learning resources. 3) In overcoming this problem, the teacher offers several solutions to become an independent teacher in search of additional material, approaching students who have low motivation in class, have manuals to make the management class better, and use games in teaching to make learning fun.

Onomastikon of Sart-Kalmyk version of Jangar epic recorded by A. V. Burdukov

В настоящей статье впервые на основе методологии, разработанной О. Д. Суриковой (2020), рассматривается ономастикон сарт-калмыцкой версии эпоса «Джангар». Авторами статьи предлагается систематизация ономастикона эпоса, приводится этимологияонимов, указывается их частотность, а также выявляются варианты собственных имён в других версиях эпоса «Джангар» и фольклорных образцах сарт-калмыков. В исследовании применялась комплексная методика лингвистического анализа, включающая описательный метод, методы контекстуального, сопоставительного и статистического анализов. Материалом для анализа послужил текст рукописи «Джангар», записанный в 1929 г. А. В. Бурдуковым от Бакхи Сарпекова (1872 г. р.) в селе Чельпек Иссык-Кульской области Киргизии. В качестве дополнительного материала были привлечены опубликованные песни калмыцкой и синьцзян-ойратской версий эпоса «Джангар», лексикографические источники, а также личные полевые записи авторов.В результате обработки текста выявлены три группы собственных имён: топонимы, антропонимы и иппонимы. Наибольшую частотность в сарт-калмыцкой версии эпоса имеют буддийские антропонимы, что, очевидно, связано с сильным влиянием буддизма на архаичный жанр – эпос. Наличие названий водных объектов Или и Текес указывают на историческую родину сарт-калмыков – Джунгарию. В целом, изучение собственных имён, извлечённых авторами статьи из текста рукописи А. В. Бурдукова, полезно с точки зрения лингвогеографии и способствует выявлению закономерностей номинационных процессов в сарт-калмыцком языке. The present article is the first to consider the onomasticon of the Sart-Kalmyk version of the Jangar epic on the basis of the methodology developed by O. D. Surikova (2020). The authors of the article propose a systematization of the onomasticon of the epic that includes giving the etymology of onyms, indicating their frequency, and revealing variants of their own names in other versions of the epic Jangarand folklore samples of the Sart-Kalmyks. The study uses a complex method of linguistic analysis, including a descriptive method, methods of contextual, comparative and statistical analysis. The material for the analysis was the text of the manuscript Jangar, written down in 1929 by A. V. Burdukov from Bakhi Sarpekov (born 1872) in the Chelpek villag, Issyk-Kul region, Kyrgyzstan. The published songs of the Kalmyk and Xinjiang Oirat versions of the Jangarepic, lexicographic sources, as well as the authors' personal field notes were used as an additional material. As a result of text processing, three groups of proper names were identified: toponyms, anthroponyms, and hyponyms. The most frequent in the Sart-Kalmyk version of the epic were Buddhist anthroponyms, the fact can be obviously associated with the strong influence of Buddhism on this archaic genre – the epic. The presence of the names of the water bodies Ili and Tekes indicate the historical homeland of the Sart Kalmyks – Dzungaria. In general, the study of their own names, extracted by the authors of the article from the text of the manuscript of A. V. Burdukov is useful from the point of view of linguo-geography and helps to identify patterns of nomination processes in the Sart-Kalmyk language.

The Practice of Fulfilling the State Order by Private Industrial Enterprises at the Beginning of the XX Century (On the Example of the “Trade and Industrial Society of Alafuzov’s Factories and Plants”)

Introduction. One of the priorities of economic policy in imperial Russia has traditionally been to ensure the effective performance of functions and the satisfaction of the military-strategic needs of the state. At the same time, the most important instrument for the implementation of this kind of policy was the system of state orders. At the beginning of the XX century it was a key component of the state’s life support system. Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, the use of which in aggregate made it possible to interpret the available information on the topic as fully and deeply as possible, to consider the object of research, taking into account the peculiarities of the historical environment in conjunction with a wide range of external factors. To solve the set tasks, elements of the methods of historical and legal analysis were used, which made it possible to consider the object of research in the context of the development of Russian legislation. Results. On the basis of materials from archival files, regulatory legal acts, as well as data from published sources, the process of making state supplies to the military department was analyzed on the example of a separate industrial enterprise – “Trade and Industrial Society of Alafuzov’s Factories and Plants”. In the context of studying the practice of interaction between the management of Alafuzov’s company and government agencies, the authors consider the key features of the organization of the system for fulfilling a government order for the supply of industrial products, and also identifies the main difficulties that arose in the course of its implementation. Discussion and Conclusion. The study showed that the execution of state supplies by Alafuzov’s factories was fraught with a number of difficulties. The urgency of fulfilling orders required the mobilization of additional material and labor resources, complicating the process of managing a rather extensive and diversified industrial complex, requiring additional efforts, knowledge and abilities from representatives of the management level. The main part of the difficulties in the execution of contracts was associated not so much with the organization of the production and labor process, but with the interaction with the departments responsible for the acceptance of the supplied products. On the example of Alafuzov’s factories, it is possible to see inconsistency in the activities of individual structural links of this system, which gave rise to a number of difficulties for the executors of the state order. The reasons for this kind of difficulties were, on the one hand, failures in the operation of the mechanism for accepting goods when organizing state supplies, on the other hand, factors of a subjective nature, generated primarily by insufficient competence of responsible persons.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate Sebagai Pengganti Agregat Halus Dalam Pembuatan Paving Block

Penelitian ini mempunyai kelebihan diantaranya mampu menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah plastik jenis PET sebagai salah satu bahan kontruksi yaitu paving block yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat digunakan sebagai pengerasan jalan, taman maupun pelataran parkir. Paving block adalah suatu komposisi bahan bangunan yang terbuat dari campuran semen portland atau bahan perekat hidrolis lainnya, air dan agregat dengan atau tanpa bahan tambahan lainnya yang tidak mengurangi mutu beton tersebut (SNI 03-0691-1996). Komposisi paving block yang akan dibuat pada karya ini terdiri dari semen portland,pasir,limbah plastik dan air sebagai campuran yang akan direncanakan pada perancangan pembuatan paving block. Masyarakat belum banyak mengetahui bahwasanya plastik juga bisa dijadikan salah satu bahan kontruksi dengan menjadi bahan tambahan. Paving block dengan plastik ini tidak bisa diragukan kekuatannya seperti paving block pada umumnya. Karena dari penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa paving block dengan menggunakan serat yang terdapat pada plastik dapat meningkatkan kuat tekan pada paving. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa hasil paving block campuran 1: 3 dengan kuat tekan paving normal 18.07 Mpa dan paving block campuran 1:6 dengan kuat tekan paving normal 11.32 MPa maka dapat diperkirakan hasil narrative review yang sesuai penelitian kami adalah sebagai berikut, pada paving block komposisi 1: 4, kuat tekan target yang terjadi direncanakan sebesar 15 Mpa dan paving block kompisisi 1:5 kuat tekan target rencana direncanakan sebesar 13 Mpa dengan tingkat kepercayaan data R = 0.9798 dari penggambungan data sebelumnya,Dengan penggunaan subtitusi plastic terhadap pasir, maka ditargetkan akan terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan sebesar 30% dari paving block tanpa penggunaan plastic di komposisi subtitusi plastic sebesar 40%.Berdasarkan SNI 03-0691-1996 tentang klarifikasi mutu paving block, komposisi paving dengan subtitusi plastic 1 : 4 dan 1 : 5 cocok untuk digunakan pada taman kota dan pedestrian untuk pejalan kaki. Then, what if the plastic waste can be used. This research has advantages such as being able to be an alternative to reduce the amount of PET plastic waste as a construction material, namely paving blocks that are environmentally friendly and can be used as paving roads, parks and parking lots. Paving block is a building material composition made of a mixture of portland cement or other hydraulic adhesives, water and aggregates with or without other additives that do not reduce the quality of the concrete (SNI 03-0691-1996). The composition of the paving blocks that will be made in this work consists of portland cement, sand, plastic waste and water as a mixture that will be planned in the design of making paving blocks. People don't know much that plastic can also be used as a construction material by becoming an additional material. Paving blocks with plastic cannot be doubted as strong as paving blocks in general. This is because previous research shows that paving blocks using fibers found in plastic can increase the compressive strength of paving. The test results show that the results of a 1:3 mixed paving block with a normal compressive strength of 18.07 MPa and a mixed paving block of 1:6 with a normal compressive strength of 11.32 MPa can then be estimated that the results of a narrative review according to our research are as follows, on the paving block composition. 1: 4, the planned target compressive strength is 15 MPa and the paving block composition 1:5 is the planned target compressive strength is 13 MPa with a data confidence level of R = 0.9798 from combining the previous data. With the use of plastic substitution for sand, it is targeted to there is an increase in compressive strength of 30% from paving blocks without the use of plastic in the composition of plastic substitution by 40%. city parks and pedestrians for pedestrians.

THE INFLUENCE OF ONLINE LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS

During the pandemic time, almost all educational institutions implement online learning system for their students. This research aims at identifying the concept of online learning and analyzing the types of characteristics that can be formed through online learning. It is expected to contribute as a complement of theory in the fields of humanities, social sciences, and education. It can also be additional material for researchers who are interested in the topic of online learning. The data were obtained from the questionnaire responded by 22 students of the the 6th semester (morning class E) of FKIP UNPRI Medan and the reviewing of a number of relevant literature. As a conceptual analysis study, the data were analyzed by using representation theory to interpret the concept of online learning and its impact which could symbolize certain meanings. The result of analysis suggested that the term “online learning” can basically be conceptualized as a learning system emphasizing freedom which could show efficiency and innovation. The result of analysis also revealed that there were three types of characteristics – curiosity, facing challenges and a sense of responsibility that can be formed as a result of online line study which is considered to contribute to character building.

Sociolinguistics. Reading-Book

The textbook "Sociolinguistics. Reading-book", intended for students studying in the direction of "Forensic expertise", is being prepared for publication. The book includes fragments from the works of famous domestic and foreign linguists devoted to the main sociolinguistics problems (subject area, conceptual apparatus, social and communicative system, social marking of language units, research methods, language policy, etc.). Each text is accompanied by control questions and tasks. The textbook provides students with additional material for individual work. The book can be useful to teachers in preparation for lectures and seminars, and is also of interest to a wide range of readers.

“Trivial Nonsense” of the Poor Heroes of Dostoevsky (Materials for “Dostoevsky’s Language Dictionary: Idioglossary”)

The paper represents lingvo-cultural and semiotic description of the vocabulary, which introduces the everyday life of the poor characters of the F. Dostoevskys novels. In this case the procedure of the construction of text associative fields and the concept of idiogloss are used. Associative text fields are built, from one side, around the base concepts of daily activity - HOUSE/DWELLING; CLOTHING; FOOD; MONEY, DEBTS, LOAN; DISEASE, DEATH; WORK, BUSINESS; and idioglosses POVERTY; SHAME; FEAR; PRIDE, THE PINCHED PRIDE; GENTLENESS - on the other hand. These two measurements - semantic and pragmatic - make it possible to reconstruct on the texts of Dostoevsky the everyday world of poor characters, to reveal those specific idiosenses, which are concluded in the lexical items being investigated. Besides, the author hopes that such description can become additional material for the creation of the corresponding articles of the Dostoevskys Language Dictionary, which is making now in the V.V. Vinigradov Russian Language University (Russian Science Academy). At the V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language University University of Russian Science Academy in the sector of experimental lexicography under the guidance of Corresponding Member of the Russian Science Academy, Professor Y.N. Karaulov, work on creation of the F.M. Dostoevskys Language Dictionary has been conducted for many years. At the same time, collections of articles are published - The Word of Dostoevsky, viewed as a kind of extension of Dostoevskys Language Dictionary. The authors of the collection should implement the overall thrust of the research results as a guide - the solution of interpretational, hermeneutic tasks. Meanwhile it is also important to identify and describe the vocabulary that is significant for interpretation of Dostoevskys texts and idioglosses in particular, i.e. such lexical units that are important for understanding, for deciphering and interpreting of the meaning of his literary works, for characterizing his authors style (idiostyle), for recreating his picture of the world, his universal and national ideals .