Phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-stress and cerebroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of stem of Sarcostemma acidum

The current study was designed to assess the phytochemical, antioxidant, anti-stress and cerebroprotective activities of ethanolic extract of stem of Sarcostemma acidum (EESA). The stem of Sarcostemma acidum was collected and extracted with 70% ethanol. The ethanolic extract was subjected to phytochemical screening (Chemical and HPTLC), antioxidant (in-vitro), anti-stress (Mice model) and cerebroprotective activities (Cerebral ischemia model). EESA showed presence of flavonoids as primary phytoconstituents. EESA significantly reduced the immobility period in tail suspension trial and swimming endurance trial. EESA significantly reduced the TBARS levels (21.45±0.56; p<0.01) and augmented tissue antioxidants in cerebral ischemia model. The levels of MOA-A were reduced in the EESA treated animals (54.1±0.2; p<0.001) and cortisol levels also reduced in EESA treated animals (45.1±1.6; p<0.001). Histopathology also supported the biochemical parameters. The EESA effect was compared with reference standard diazepam and Ashwagandha. EESA showed significant antioxidant, anti-stress and cerebroprotective activities and the protective effect might be due to presence of flavonoids as phytoconstituents.

Experimental research of cerebroprotective activity of the new 4-aminobutatanoic acid derivative

The aim. To study the cerebroprotective activity of a new derivative of 4-aminobutanoic acid the compound KGM-5 on the effect on survival and behavioural responses, cognitive impairment and neurological deficits in rats with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and methods. Acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVA) was simulated in rats by irreversible unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) under anesthesia with sodium thiopental (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, IP). Five groups of animals were used: intact control (IC, n=6), a group of animals with ACVA, which were not treated (control pathology, CP, n=13); group of animals with ACVA, which were treated for 5 days after surgery (first injection 30 min before surgery) with the compound KGM-5 (ACVA+KGM-5, n=14) at a conditionally effective dose of 30 mg/kg body weight of animals, a group of animals with ACVA (ACVA+CD “Picamilon”, n=13), who received IP for 5 days, the comparison drug (CD) “Picamilon” at a dose of 17 mg/kg and pseudo-operated animals (POA), n=8), which were operated without ligation of the carotid artery, which allows to level the effect of anesthesia and surgery on the studied indicators. The cerebroprotective effect of the studied agents was assessed by an integral criterion – survival of animals (throughout the experiment), indicators of neurological deficit (24, 48, 72, 94 hours after ACVA modelling), the state of cognitive functions in the test of extrapolation escape test (EET) (72 hours after ACVA modelling) Results. The KGM-5 compound contributed to a significant reduction in the severity of neurological deficit, as evidenced by significant differences in this indicator compared with CP, respectively, the first (0.5 points vs. 1.25 points, p<0.05), the third (0.0 points against 1.0 point, p<0.05) and the fourth day (0.0 points vs. 0.5 points, p<0.05) after OCO. Under the influence of CD “Picamilon” reduction of neurological deficit compared with CP was observed on the first, third and fourth days, but these differences were insignificant (p>0.05). Both studied agents - the compound KGM-5 and CD “Picamilon” contributed to the improvement of cognitive functions of rats with ACVA, as evidenced by a significant reduction (p<0.05) of the latent period of diving in the EET, respectively, 1.8 and 1.7 times compared with CP and did not show a significant effect on animal survival. Conclusion. The cerebroprotective activity of a new 4-aminobutanoic acid derivative in the conditions of acute cerebrovascular accident in rats was established in terms of the ability to reduce the severity of neurological deficits and improve cognitive functions in the extrapolation escape test. The severity of cerebroprotective activity of the new compound is not inferior to GABA-ergic drug “Picamilon”.

STUDY OF CEREBROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF DRUGS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS IN EXPERIMENTAL CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that can affect people of all ages and professions. The aim of the study was to study the effects of drugs of different pharmacological groups on the course of CTE. Materials and methods. The pathology model was reproduced by dropping a 150 g load from a height of 0.5 m onto the parietal region of the rat skull for 7 days. Results. Based on the results of the experiment, the restoration of cognitive functions and a decrease in the concentration of markers of neurodegradation was established with the use of Cerepro, Panthogam, Hypoxene, Stimol, Phenibut. Conclusions: having analyzed the experimental data, it is possible to assume the presence of cerebroprotective activity in the studied drugs and the possibility of their use in the treatment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

The comparative estimation cerebroprotective activity decoctions of plants genus Caragana Lam.

The ability of herbal decoctions from 17 Caragana species to prevent retrograde amnesia of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance after maximal electroshock (MESh) was investigated. Decoctions from 8 species were effective as antiamnestic remedies. The restoration of motor components of oriental reflex losing after MESh was accelerated by 15 from 17 species according to different indices. Decoctions from C. lacta, C. arborescens were not effective in this test. Decoctions from C. grandiflora, C. pumila, C. jubata, C. microphylla, C. stenophylla, C. altaica, C. pygmaea, C. frutex, C. spinosa, C. buriatica demonstrated higher cerebroprotective activity taking into account sum of test.

EVALUATION OF THE CEREBROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF NOOTROPICS IN COMBINATION WITH MELAXEN BY A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS USING A MODEL OF BRAIN ISCHEMIA IN RATS

The cerebroprotective activity of nootropics in combination with melaxen (melatonin containing drug) was investigated by a comprehensive morphological analysis using an experimental model of acute cerebral ischemia in rats. According to the obtained data, a preventive use of vinpocetine in combination with melaxen signifi cantly reduces the degree of lethality among experimental animals and the severity of ischemic brain damage. A suggestion is made about the potential feasibility of melatonin-containing drugs for increasing the effi cacy of neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.

Studies of the effect of cerebroprotective substances on the course of stress-induced behavioral depression

Introduction. Atrophic disturbances of neurons of the limbic structures of the brain, which lead to insufficient regulation of emotions and mood, cause depression. Substances with cerebroprotective activity have the ability to inhibit further development and even reverse atrophic damage to neurons. Materials and methods. Using electrophysiological techniques, the cerebroprotective activity of piracetam, diacamf – (±)-cis-3-(2-benzimidazolyl)-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentanone-carboxylic acid hydrochloride and the compound R-86, or 3,2’-spiro-pyrrolo-2-oxindole, was investigated in rat hippocampal slices. In behavioral experiments, there was studied the influence of the above substances, which had been administered for 20 days, on the most important manifestations of behavioral depression in rats caused by a five-day swim stress, such as the time of immobilization in the forced swim test and the indicator of preference for consuming sucrose solution. In addition, the influence of piracetam and diacamf was studied on the effects of the classic antidepressant imipramine. Results and discussion. It was found that piracetam, diacamf and the compound R-86 in in vitro studies reduced the damage to the pyramidal hippocampal neurons caused by anoxia and aglycemia, the excitotoxic activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate and oxidative stress when hydrogen peroxide was applied to the slices. Cerebroprotective activity of the test substances, when they are systemically administered for 20 days, is linked with their antidepressant-like effect, which was manifested in a decrease in the immobilization time in the swim test and an increase in the sucrose solution consumption indicator. Co-administration of piracetam in rats potentiated antidepressant activity of imipramine, and diacamf showed additive synergism with the antidepressant. Conclusion. Substances with cerebroprotective activity in their chronic administration may show an antidepressant-like effect. Those that potentiate the action of classical anidepressants can be used in conjunction with antidepressants during episodes of exacerbation of the disease. Less active cerebroprotective drugs can be recommended during remission for its prolongation.