Distribution of Income (Including Minimum Wage); Comparison of Societies as Studied by a Molecular-Dynamics Algorithm and Analytical Techniques

In this research we tried to answer the question: How to optimize the total production of economy. For finding the answer we used two postulates: First, a worker is incentivated to work if it pays off. When in the income ranking the neighbor below earns less and the one above earns more the worker will work harder and produce more. The productivity of the worker is proportional to this ’derivative’ in the income curve. (Note: a worker’s salary is not assumed necessarily proportional to his productivity). The second postulate depends on who is in control of the production process. In highly-simplified naming: In capitalism, the capital takes the decisions, in a democracy the people do, by vote. We also simulated a dictatorial system in which decisions can be imposedby a (benevolent) dictator. We used these ingredients in evolutionary computation. Starting with an arbitrary initial distribution, we make random small changes to it and if the total production increases, a decision will be made whether to implement these changes. This procedure is repeated until the distribution is stable. Remarkably, the outcomes for ’democracy’ and ’capitalism’ are similar. Capitalism and democracy go hand-in-hand together: One person getting all income, two people working, and most not working and not receiving. These results are also analytically found. In ’communism’, nobody works and everybody perishes. In a ’dictatorial’ system we can optimize production for the benefit of the people, and come to the conclusion that the introduction of minimum wages is beneficial, and these should be 50% of the average income.

Institutionalization of athletic conferences for wage comparison in collective bargaining in High Schools in the US: A natural experiment

Social comparison plays an important role in collective bargaining. However, due to self-serving bias, the bargaining parties rarely agree on appropriate referents. In this respect, Wisconsin teachers’ collective bargaining provides an intriguing case because there is consensus on an appropriate comparison group: the schools’ athletic conferences. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of athletic conferences as referents is institutionalized beyond their technical merits. Using conference realignment as a natural experiment, this paper shows that when the bargaining parties experienced conference realignment, they changed their comparison groups. Because this realignment can be regarded as exogenous to collective bargaining, such changes in comparison groups are unlikely to be accounted for by technical factors, thus providing support for institutional theory.

The Percentage of Supported Employees With Significant Disabilities Who Would Earn More in Sheltered Workshops

This study examined the percentage of 21,257 supported employees served by 74 state-federal vocational rehabilitation agencies in 2013 who would have earned more wages in sheltered workshops than in the community. It found that the overwhelming majority of supported employees earned more in their communities at all wage comparison points; however, substantial differences in wages were identified according to the participant’s disability type, occupation, vocational rehabilitation agency, and the region in which they lived.