A tale of many tumors and one endocrine site: A case series of pituitary metastases

Background: Metastases to the pituitary gland are extremely rare with an incidence rate reported from an autopsy series of 1.8%–12%, and only 20% was diagnosed clinically. Tumors that commonly metastasize are breast and lung tumors. Case series: We present a series of five cases, including four female patients and one male patient with metastatic cancer. Two women had metastatic small lung cancer and presented with diabetes insipidus (DI). Two women had metastatic breast cancer, of which one presented with DI and the other with panhypopituitarism. The male patient had bronchogenic adenocarcinoma and presented with DI. Conclusion: Our case series confirmed earlier reports that DI is the most common presentation of metastases to the pituitary gland.

Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human lung cancer properties of Linum Usitatissimum seed aqueous extract in the in vitro condition: A pre-clinical trial study

IntroductionLinum usitatissimum seed or flax seed is known as a potential candidate as a remedy to treat various diseases in many traditional medicines around the world. In the current study, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and anti-human ling cancer properties of Linum Usitatissimum seed were investigated in the in vitro condition.Material and methodsAntioxidant activity of the plant was analyzed using radical scavenging activity and ferrous ion chelating assay. MTT assay was used to evaluation of anti lung cancer of the plant.ResultsThe plant extract scavenged DPPH as a free radical with an IC50 of 34.2±0.9 µg/mL. The plant also was rich in phenolic compounds with an amount of 294.8±2.3 mg GAE/g for total phenolic content. Cell viability of Linum Usitatissimum seed was very low against lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1) cell lines without any cytotoxicity on the normal cell line. The best anti-human lung cancer properties of Linum Usitatissimum seed against the above cell lines was in the case of the PC-14 cell line. According to the above findings, the Linum Usitatissimum seed may be administrated for the treatment of several types of human lung cancer in humans.ConclusionsAccording to the results, the IC50 values of plant extract against lung poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (PC-14), lung moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (LC-2/ad), and lung well-differentiated bronchogenic adenocarcinoma (HLC-1) cell lines were found 392, 483, and 564 µg/mL, respectively

Nivolumab-induced large-duct cholangiopathy treated with ursodeoxycholic acid and tocilizumab

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has become a cornerstone in the management of many oncologic diseases. Although it is well tolerated in most patients, a wide spectrum of adverse events has been described as a result of immune system alteration. We present a case of a woman with metastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinoma who was initially thought to have immune-mediated hepatitis, but eventually discovered to have a rarely described immune-mediated cholangiopathy. Her cholangiopathy appeared to stabilize following ursodeoxycholic acid and tocilizumab after several lines of guideline-directed therapy. Awareness of this unique toxicity following immune checkpoint inhibitor, and potential treatment options may help clinicians manage this rare but serious complication.