Pengaruh Variasi Suhu Dan Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Dari Bakteri Serratia marcescens

Enzymes are biocatalysts in living cells when cells metabolize. All living organisms are produced enzymes, both humans, animals, plants and microorganisms. One of the bacteria that has the potential to produce cellulose (EC 3.2.1.4) enzymes is Serratia marcescens. These bacteria can be isolated from water, soil and digestive tract. This research aims to find out the types of enzymes produced by S. Marcescens, to examine the effect of temperature and incubation time on selected enzyme activity. The type of enzyme test was qualitatively determined by S. marcescens growth on the amylolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic selective medium based on the clear zone. This research was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first factor was the incubation time (T) which were 4 hours (T4), 8 hours (T8) and 12 hours (T12). The second factor was the treatment of incubation temperature (S) which were 40oC (S1), 50oC (S2) and 60oC (S3). Each treatment was repeated in 3 times. The data were obtained then analyzed using Anova (α = 0.05). If it is significantly different, furthermore proceed with the T test (BNT). The results showed that S. marcescens qualitatively produced only clear zones in the cellulolytic medium of 5.1 mm. The ANOVA results showed that incubation temperature (S), the interaction between incubation time (T) and incubation temperature (S) were did not have effect on cellulase activity, whereas incubation time (T) gives a significant effect on cellulase activity were obtained at the incubation time for 12 hours (T12) with a value of 0.27 U / mL

Isolasi dan Potensi Enzim Hidrolase Bakteri Simbion Padina sp. dari Pantai Lengkuas Belitung

Marine organism is one of the riches in the ocean of Indonesia. The benefits of sea use for new products produced are widely used and have high market demand. Enzymes that have marine interests have unique properties and have good benefits for industry. This study aims to isolate the bacteria that have symbionts with Padina sp and determine the potential of the enzyme hydrolase produced by these bacteria. Isolation is done by the spread plate method. Pure isolates obtained were then tested for the potential of the enzyme hydrolase on selective media. Clear zone measurements are performed to determine which bacterial isolates are good for enzyme production. The results obtained by 6 isolates of pure bacteria, all of which include Gram negative bacteria that form bacilli. All isolates had the ability to produce different Protease, Lipase, Amylase and Cellulase enzymes. The enzymes obtained from these symbiotic bacteria are expected to be used for industrial-scale production in Indonesia. In addition, the presence of this symbiont bacteria is able to reduce the level of exploitation of Padina sp and contribute to preserving the marine ecosystem.

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Plankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Perairan Pantai Sayung Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah

Sayung coast is a area with a growing residential, sea ranching, and industrial area. Those aspects produce create waste that could harm the environment, directly or indirectly. Plankton is a biologic component that is used to indicate the changes of water quality in waters that has been polluted. These goals of this research are to know the water quality in Sayung coast area from the abundance of the plankton, physical-chemical parameter of the water, and also the status of water saprobity. The samples are taken in July 2017 and April 2018, in Sayung coast waters, Demak. Plankton sampling and water from 5 sampling stasions are considered to represent the diversity of the plankton and water stability. Plankton is sampled using plankton net No.25, then preserved using 70% alcohol + 4% formaldehyde. The abiotic data measureted is nitrate content, temperature, pH, salinity, DO, and turbidity. Data analysis are done using Shannon Weiner’s diversity index (H’), diversty index (e), domination index (C), saprobic index. The result shows that there are 49 species of planktons are found, which are 38 fitoplankton, and 11 zooplankton. The highest group is Bacillariophyta which is 14,24%. The diversty index value of H’ 1,58 – 2,45; therefore the Sayung coast waters is catagorized as stable. The index value of e ranges from 0,64 – 1; index C values ranges from 0,08 – 0,22; and the saprobirity index value is in β-Meso/Polisaprobik to α-Mesosaprobik phase with a very light to very high pollution levels. The physical-chemical parameter analysis of Sayung coast waters in overall is still suitable to support plankton’s life.

Produksi Xilitol Menggunakan Hidrolisat Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays) Oleh Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67

Xylitol (C5H12O5) is a non-carcinogenic polyalcoholic sugar. Xylitol is beneficial for diabetics because it can be metabolized without insulin. Corn cobs contain 30% xylose which can be fermented into xylitol by microorganisms. Xylitol can be produced by fermentation of xylose and few microorganisms. Meyerozyma caribbica is a yeast that has been proven to produce xylitol and inhibitor’s resistant. The aim of this research is to test the xylitol productivity by Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 using corn cobs hydrolyzate and the effect of the volume of fermentation media on xylitol productivity by Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67. The method was carried out by culturing Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 as a starter on YPD media. Fermentation using 100 mL Erlenmeyer with the variation of fermentation volume is 10 ml and 75 ml, agitation 175 rpm and 30 oC. Parameters were measured based on the dry weight of cells, xylose and xylitol. Data were analyzed using fermentation kinetics. The results of analysis showed that the higher xylitol production was found in the fermentation volume 75 ml with an efficiency value of 7,171%. The highest xylitol production was at the 48th hour with production value of 2.050 g/L. Results from research shows that Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 can produce xylitol with corn cobs hydrolyzate. The right volume of fermentation in the fermentation process can also increase the productivity of xylitol.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kapang Filoplan serta Serasah Daun di Lingkungan Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Diponegoro Dengan Metode Contact Plate

Fungi can be present on various substrates in the surrounding environment. The presence of these molds takes advantage of the nutrients that are attached to or contained in the substrate. The purpose of this study was to isolate and obtain various types of molds from various substrates. The method used in this study is a contact plate by attaching it to various objects or substrates, namely leaf litter, composter walls, tables, glass, and cabinets. The fungi obtained were 6 isolates, including those from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, and Alternaria,

Penurunan Kepadatan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) di Danau Rawapening dengan Memanfaatkannya sebagai Bahan Dasar Kompos

High sedimentation and the entry of organik and inorganik pollutants, especially P and N, have led to the eutrophication of Rawapening Lake waters. These conditions triggered an uncontrolled booming of water hyacinth aquatic weed (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). The presence of water hyacinth triggers a significant loss of water compared to local weeds through evapotranspiration. The invasion of water hyacinth causes various problems, including depletion of water oxygen content which has an impact on decreasing fish production, damaging natural beauty, and also affecting public health. Many efforts to control water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake have been carried out both physically and by utilizing biological agents. One of the efforts to control the density of water hyacinth in Rawapening Lake is to use it as compost raw material. Water hyacinth contains various elements that are useful for making quality compost, including calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and others. Water hyacinth root contains sulfates and phosphates, the leaves contain carotin and the flowers contain delphinidin-3-diglucosida. The various nutrients contained in water hyacinth make quality compost capable of meeting the nutritional needs of cultivated plants. This article aims to review the use of water hyacinth as a basic material for making compost which is useful for fertilizing agricultural cultivation activities

Struktur Komunitas Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidae (Lepidoptera) di Kawasan DAS Budi Kecamatan Sungai Betung Kabupaten Bengkayang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

The Budi watershed, which is located in Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province, is a land and water conservation area which is a source of clean water for the community. The forest in the Budi watershed becomes a habitat for butterflies. The research aims to analyze the community structure and identify the types of butterflies in Budi watershed Sungai Betung Subdistrict, Bengkayang Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research methods used survey method with scan sampling technique in the morning and evening. Data from the inventory of butterfly species and the number of individuals of each species were analyzwd using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H”), the Margalef species richness index (DMg) and the Simpson dominance index (D). The results showed that the total number of butterfly species found in the Budi watershed was 22 species with 148 individuals belonging to three families, namely Nymphalidae (14 species), Papilionoidae (3 species), and Pieridae (5 species). The most dominance species found were Eurema blanda, Hypolimnas bolina, and Letopsia nina. The index of butterfly species richness in Budi watershed was DMg = 9.67 and is included in categorized high species richness. The butterfly dominance index D = 0.0066 and it categorized to low species dominance. Species diversity index H” = 2.093 and showed the diversity of butterfly species in the Budi watershed, Sungai Betung sub district, Bengkayang Regency is included in the medium diversity category.

Pemberian Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) dan Kinetin Terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas Tanaman Jahe (Globba leucantha var. bicolor Holttum) pada Kultur In Vitro

Globba leucantha var. bicolor Holttum is a part of Zingiberaceae plant that is not yet widely known but can be used as a medicinal material as well as an ornamental plant. So far Globba plant propagation has not been widely done and has relied solely on from its habitat. Research aims at acquiring Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) concentrations and optimal kinetin for the multiplication of ginger plant shoots (Globba leucantha var. bicolor Holttum) on in vitro culture. The research method uses experimental methods with non-parametric statistics and 24 repeated treatments 3 times as well as being analyzed descriptively using the Kruskal Wallis Test. The treatment used NAA with concentrations of 0 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, 0.5 mg/l, 1 mg/l, 1.5 mg/l, and 2 mg/l combined with Kinetin with concentrations of 0 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l. The results showed that the growth of Globba plant's best shoots at N3K3 treatment (NAA 1 mg/l + Kinetin 10 mg/l) with a shoot emergent time of 21.58 HSI, a percentage of shoot forming 66.67%, a shot count of 0.89 buds per explant, and a shoot length of 0.18 cm. Additionally at the same time also formed Globba plant roots with the best treatment of N5K2 (NAA 1 mg/l + Kinetin 10 mg/l) with a time of appearing rooted 25.67 HSI and a root count of 7.78 roots per explant.

Pengaruh Pemberian Teh Kombucha Konsentrasi 50% dengan Waktu Fermentasi yang Berbeda pada Struktur Histologi Hepar Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan

This study was conducted to determine the effect of 6 kombucha fermented tea (P1), 9 (P2) and 12 (P3) fermentation days at a concentration of 50% on the liver histological structure and hepatocyte diameter. This study used 16 male white rats consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment of this study consisted of P0: control treatment; P1, P2 and P3 respectively were given 6, 9 and 12 days fermented kombucha tea at a concentration of 50%. This research uses a completely randomized design. The variable measured in this study was the diameter of hepatocytes in test animals. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level and if there were real differences, followed by Duncan's test. The results of data analysis showed that kombucha tea fermented 6, 9 and 12 days with a 50% concentration did not have a significant difference in hepatocyte diameter variables. The histological structure of the liver looks normal and shows no sign of cell damage. It can be concluded that kombucha tea at a concentration of 50% is safe for consumption by mammals because it does not cause liver damage.

Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan di Taman Cerdas Kota Samarinda

Urban areas that have a high population density and availability of motorized vehicles required Green Open Space. Green Open Space is an open area in nature that contains vegetation which are necessary to support the ecological system and improve the environmental quality in urban areas. The purpose of this research is to identify the species and abundance of plant in Taman Cerdas Kota Samarinda. The applied method was cruise method by exploring the trails in Taman Cerdas. Every plant that are encountered are noted for the name of species and counted the number from each species. The results showed 21 species of plants consisting of 5 species of trees, 9 species of shrubs and 7 species of herbs included in 19 families with a total number of 3,704 individuals. Plants that are dominant is an ornamentals plants for aesthetic function and serve for natural therapy (healing service). The results of environmental factor measurements are Taman Cerdas located in elevation of 5 mdpl, coordinate S 0° 28' 32", E 117° 09' 01", air temperature: 30° C and humidity: 73%.