Challenges, Trends and Solutions for Communication Networks and Cyber-Security in Smart Grid.

2022 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qutaiba I. Ali ◽  
Firas S. Alsharbaty
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Quantum Leap

Abstract: Power grid is one of the most important manifestations of the modern civilization and the engine of it where it is described as a digestive system of the civil life. It is a structure has three main functions: generation, transmission lines, distribution. This concept was appropriate for a century. However, the beginning of the twenty-first century brought dramatic changes on different domains: media, human growth, economic, environmental, political, and technical etc. Smart grid is a sophisticated structure including cyber and physical bodies hence it reinforces the sustainability, the energy management, the capability of integration with microgrids, and exploiting the renewable energy resources. The quantum leap of smart grid is related to the advanced communication networks that deal with the cyber part. Moreover, the communication networks of smart grid offer attractive capabilities such as monitoring, control, and protection at the level of real time. The wireless communication techniques in integration frame are promised solution to compensate the requirements of smart grid designing such as wireless local area networks, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, long term evolution, and narrowband- internet of things. These technologies could provide high capacity, flexibility, low-cost maintenance for smart grid. However, the multi-interfaces in smart grid may exploit by persons or agencies to implement different types of cyber-attacks may lead to dangerous damage. This research paper reviews the up-to-date researches in the field of smart grid to handle the new trends and topics in one frame in order to offer integration vision in this vital section. It concentrates on the section of communication networks the mainstay of smart grid. This paper discusses the challenging and requirements of adopting the wireless communication technologies and delves deeply into literature review to devise and suggest solutions to compensate the impairments efficiently. Moreover, it explores the cyber security that representing the real defiant to implement the concept of smart grid safely.

scholarly journals Smart Grid Systems Based Survey on Cyber Security Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
R. Dorothy ◽  
Sasilatha Sasilatha
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Smart Grid System

The future power system will be an innovative administration of existing power grids, which is called smart grid. Above all, the application of advanced communication and computing tools is going to significantly improve the productivity and consistency of smart grid systems with renewable energy resources. Together with the topographies of the smart grid, cyber security appears as a serious concern since a huge number of automatic devices are linked through communication networks. Cyber attacks on those devices had a direct influence on the reliability of extensive infrastructure of the power system.  In this survey, several published works related to smart grid system vulnerabilities, potential intentional attacks, and suggested countermeasures for these threats have been investigated.

scholarly journals Cyber-Infrastructure Connections and Smart Gird Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2285-2287
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Grid Environment ◽  
Energy Theft ◽  
Smart Gird ◽  
Regular Flow

The architecture of the smart grid combines the communication grid and physical power grid in a sole huge network. Smart grid has various security threats like cyber-attacks, physical attacks or natural disasters. The mentioned threats can lead to the breach of the user’s privacy, failure of the infrastructure, energy theft, blackouts endanger the safety of the operators among many more. For this reason, there is need to ensure that the smart grid cyber security is adequate to prevent any of these threats. Adequate security will as well ensure that the smart grid operates adequately as it is viewed that is by providing safe, reliable and uninterrupted supply of power to the consumers with a regular flow of end to end information that are all secure. The smart grid environment will ensure that the electric power infrastructure is modern. This is majorly by combining the present functionalities and the future ones with the upgraded requirements to the users

Exploring Cyber Security Vulnerabilities in the Age of IoT

2018 ◽  
pp. 1609-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Security Vulnerabilities ◽  
Security Breaches ◽  
Closed Networks ◽  
Train Control ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Physical Assets

The modernization of rail control systems has resulted in an increasing reliance on digital technology and increased the potential for security breaches and cyber-attacks. Higher-level European Train Control System(ETCS) systems in particular depend on communications technologies to enable greater automation of railway operations, and this has made the protecting the integrity of infrastructure, rolling stock, staff and passengers against cyber-attacks ever more crucial. The growth in Internet of Things (IoT) technology has also increased the potential risks in this area, bringing with it the potential for huge numbers of low-cost sensing devices from smaller manufacturers to be installed and used dynamically in large infrastructure systems; systems that previously relied on closed networks and known asset identifiers for protection against cyber-attacks. This chapter demonstrates that how existing data resources that are readily available to the railways could be rapidly combined and mapped to physical assets. This work contributes for developing secure reusable scalable framework for enhancing cyber security of rail assets

Cooperation and Free Riding in Cyber Security Information-Sharing Programs

2018 ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmeret Bier Naugle ◽  
Austin Silva ◽  
Munaf Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Human Decision

Even with substantial investment in cyber defense, the risk of harm from cyber attacks is significant for many organizations. Multi-organization information-sharing programs have the potential to improve cyber security at relatively low cost by allowing organizations that face similar threats to share information on vulnerabilities, attacks, and defense strategies. The dynamics of an information-sharing program are likely to depend heavily on interactions between human decision makers. This article describes a system dynamics model of an information-sharing program. The model incorporates decision-making strategies of managers and cyber defenders in each participating organization. The model was used to assess how free-riding behavior is likely to affect the success of a multi-organization information-sharing program. Results shows that free riding may make information sharing more volatile and less beneficial early on, but other factors, including cost savings and the perceived utility of shared information, are likely to create success later in the time horizon.

scholarly journals Malware Detection for Cyber Security Enhancement in Smart Grid

10.29007/fn3p ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congmiao Li ◽  
Dipti Srinivasan ◽  
Thomas Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Malware Detection ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Grid Security ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Security Enhancement ◽  
Smart Grid Security ◽  
Security Problem

Many embedded systems in a Smart Grid have special constraints in terms of timing, cost and power consumption to ensure security. This paper addresses the Smart Grid security problem with a focus on improving the security of crucial components, and reducing the risks from cyber attacks. A hardware architecture to enhance the security of important embedded devices in the smart grid has been proposed and implemented. This hardware based malware detection system runs on a dedicated hardware implemented with FPGA logic, and allows detection in near real-time. The system architecture and results are presented in the paper.

scholarly journals Adaptive Equalization for Dispersion Mitigation in Multi-Channel Optical Communication Networks

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farman Ali ◽  
Shabbir Ahmad ◽  
Fazal Muhammad ◽  
Ziaul Haq Abbas ◽  
Usman Habib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Light Propagation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Copper Wire ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Adaptive Equalization

Optical communication networks (OCNs) provide promising and cost-effective support for the ultra-fast broadband solutions, thus enabling them to address the ever growing demands of telecommunication industry such as high capacity and end users’ data rate. OCNs are used in both wired and wireless access networks as they offer many advantages over conventional copper wire transmission such as low power consumption, low cost, ultra-high bandwidth, and high transmission rates. Channel effects caused by light propagation through the fiber limits the performance, hence the data rate of the overall transmission. To achieve the maximum performance gain in terms of transmission rate through the OCN, an optical downlink system is investigated in this paper using feed forward equalizer (FFE) along with decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The simulation results show that the proposed technique plays a key role in dispersion mitigation in multi-channel optical transmission to uphold multi-Gb/s transmission. Moreover, bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) below 10 − 5 and above 5, respectively, are achieved with electrical domain equalizers for the OCN in the presence of multiple distortion effects showing the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive equalization techniques.

Cooperation and Free Riding in Cyber Security Information-Sharing Programs

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Asmeret Bier Naugle ◽  
Austin Silva ◽  
Munaf Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Shared Information ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Human Decision

Even with substantial investment in cyber defense, the risk of harm from cyber attacks is significant for many organizations. Multi-organization information-sharing programs have the potential to improve cyber security at relatively low cost by allowing organizations that face similar threats to share information on vulnerabilities, attacks, and defense strategies. The dynamics of an information-sharing program are likely to depend heavily on interactions between human decision makers. This article describes a system dynamics model of an information-sharing program. The model incorporates decision-making strategies of managers and cyber defenders in each participating organization. The model was used to assess how free-riding behavior is likely to affect the success of a multi-organization information-sharing program. Results shows that free riding may make information sharing more volatile and less beneficial early on, but other factors, including cost savings and the perceived utility of shared information, are likely to create success later in the time horizon.

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