Complete Genomic Data of Pantoea ananatis Strain TZ39 Associated with New Bacterial Blight of Rice in China

Pantoea ananatis is a phytopathogen infecting many economically important crops, including rice worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome of P. ananatis strain TZ39 identified as causative agent of a new bacterial blight of rice emerged in China in 2020. The assembled genome is consisted of one circular chromosome of 4, 483,976 bp, and two plasmids of 135,135, and 276,579 bp. This complete genome of the first Chinese pathogenic P. ananatis strain will provide new insights into the traits of pathogenicity on genomic level from China and worldwide.

Genome Resource of a Hypervirulent Strain C9-3 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight, one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Here, a hypervirulent strain, C9-3, defeating Xa1、Xa10、xa13 and Xa23 resistance genes, was used to extract genomic DNA for single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. After assembly, the genome consists of a single-circular chromosome with the size of 4,924,298 bp with G+C content of 63.7%, and contains 4715 genes. Annotation and analysis of the TALE genes using a suite of application named AnnoTALE suggested that 17 transcription activator-like effectors, including 15 typical TALEs and 2 iTALEs/truncTALEs, were encoded in the genome. The approach and genome resource will contribute to the discovery of new virulence effectors and understanding on rice-X. oryzae pv. oryzae interactions.

Genome Resource of a Hypervirulent Strain LN4 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causative agent of bacterial blight of rice and causes severe harvest loss and challenges to a stable food supply globally. In this study, a hypervirulent strain, LN4, compatible in rice varieties carrying Xa3, Xa4, xa13, and xa25 resistance genes, was used to generate DNA for nanopore sequencing. After assembly, the genome comprises a single chromosome of 5,012,583 bp, consisting of a total of 6,700 predicted coding sequences. Seventeen transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) were encoded in the genome, of which two (Tal7 and Tal6c) were major TALEs. The approach and genome data provide information for the discovery of new virulence effectors and understanding of the virulence mechanism of TALEs in rice.

Monitoring of Rice Plant for Disease Detection using Machine Learning

Agriculture is an significant source of income and much of an Indian economy depends on agricultural production. Early detection of plant leaf illnesses is essential to boost crop output and profit..Agricultural specialists diagnose most illnesses through the examination of external symptoms. Farmers, however, have restricted access to professionals. This article proposes a fresh method for diagnosing and classifying rice illnesses.Four diseases were detected and categorized as bacterial blight of rice, rice blast, tungro of rice and false smut.By developing an algorithm different features such as shape, color of the Diseased leaf part were extracted. .Diseases have been Classified using SVM (Support vector machine) and classifier k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) after extracting all features. Our suggested solution also provides farmers with Diagnosis of plant disease through a scalable cooperative platform based on the Cloud. This is available via a mobile application allowing customers to send photos from various areas of the leaves that automatically diagnose real-time plant diseases.

The Role of a Host-Induced Arginase of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Promoting Virulence on Rice

The plant bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice, which is one of the most destructive rice diseases prevalent in Asia and parts of Africa. Despite many years of research, how X. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice is still not completely understood. Here, we show that the loss of the rocF gene caused a significant decrease in the virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae in the susceptible rice cultivar IR24. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that rocF encodes arginase. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot assays revealed that rocF expression was significantly induced by rice and arginine. The rocF deletion mutant strain showed elevated sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, reduced extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production, and reduced biofilm formation, all of which are important determinants for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a mechanism by which a bacterial arginase is required for the full virulence of X. oryzae pv. oryzae on rice because of its contribution to tolerance to reactive oxygen species, EPS production, and biofilm formation.