Incidental Colonic Masses and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in a Treatment- Naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient without GI symptoms

Introduction/Objective Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement by leukemia ranges from 5.7 to 13 % with very few published reports describing infiltration of the GI tract by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). GI bleeding, abdominal pain, and obstruction have been described as presenting symptoms of GI involvement. Yet, discrete lesions are rare. Infection is a common complication in patients with CLL. In untreated patients, these infections are typically by encapsulated bacteria involving the respiratory tract and associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Viral infections often happen after therapy. This report presents a patient with a history of treatment- naïve CLL and HSV who presented for colostomy reversal and was incidentally found to have two partially obstructing colonic masses, as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Methods/Case Report This is a 78-years-old female with treatment-naïve CLL and past medical history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diverting colostomy secondary to chronic perineal HSV-2 ulcer and recent perirectal abscess. She presented for colostomy reversal in the absence of any reported GI symptoms at that time. Labs showed leukocytosis; WBCs count of 25 K/MM3, anemia and neutropenia. Endoscopic studies incidentally discovered two partially obstructing masses in the ascending and transverse colon that were biopsied. A right hemicolectomy and colostomy closure were followed, and the patient was discharged on valganciclovir. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Histopathological examination demonstrated mucosal ulceration with viral cytopathic changes and positive CMV IHC stain. In addition, a dense atypical, small sized lymphoid cell infiltrate with no sheets of large cells or confluent necrosis were identified. Flowcytometry and IHC stains showed aberrant CD5+ B cells with CD23 co-expression consistent with the patient’s history of CLL. Conclusion The case describes the unique presentation of a patient with treatment- naïve CLL without any GI symptoms, yet was incidentally found to have colonic involvement by CLL forming discrete colonic masses as well as CMV and HSV infections. Since she is untreated, her infections (HSV and CMV) are likely secondary to being immunocompromised by CLL and neutropenia. In conclusion, although rare, GI involvement by CLL should be considered in treatment naïve CLL patient’s and concomitant infections should be evaluated.

Intravenous Acetaminophen Overdose in an Infant With Toxicokinetic Data

The toxicokinetics of pediatric intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (APAP) in overdose is not well described and few case reports with serial APAP concentrations allowing for calculations of half-life exist. Here, we report toxicokinetic data from a case of an unintentional IV APAP overdose in a 12-month-old male who was treated with NAC. Case Report: A 12-month-old (former 24 week gestational age), 8.7 kg male was hospitalized after an uneventful colostomy reversal. In the postoperative unit, the patient unintentionally received 1000 mg IV (114.9 mg/kg) acetaminophen instead of the intended 100 mg IV. Serial acetaminophen concentrations were drawn. The patient received IV Nacetylcysteine and ultimately had no adverse outcomes. Discussion: This case report adds to the existing literature regarding toxicokinetics of IV APAP in infants. Our patient had a calculated ke of 0.263 h-1, correlating with a half-life of 2.63 hours. Based on current available data, the half-life of IV APAP in infants varies (2.6 to 4.9 hours). The reason for this variation is unknown and further research is needed in this area.

Reversión operación de Hartmann por vía laparoscópica

Introducción. El procedimiento de Hartmann es una de las cirugías que se realizan con mayor frecuencia frente a una complicación oclusiva o perforativa de colon izquierdo; nos permite resolver el cuadro clínico de la complicación. El porcentaje de restitución del tránsito intestinal es muy bajo, promedialmente inferior al 50%. Ésto se debe a factores propios del paciente, la morbimortalidad de la cirugía, y a dificultades técnicas. El reestablecimiento del tránsito intestinal luego de un Hartmann puede llegar a ser una cirugía muy hostil. Tiene una morbilidadmortalidad propia no despreciable, independientemente de la vía de abordaje utilizada. La reversión por laparoscopía es uno de los procedimientos más complejos a realizar mediante este abordaje. Pero varios estudios han demostrado, que si bien requiere de una curva de aprendizaje más larga y un nivel de destreza técnica alto, tiene mejores resultados que el laparotómico. Descripción. Presentamos el caso clínico de un hombre de 65 años, que consultó por una peritonitis purulenta diverticular un año atrás, al cual se le realizó una procedimiento de Hartmann. Se coordina para reconstrucción del tránsito intestinal por vía laparoscópica. Paciente en decúbito dorsal, Trendelemburg 30º y lateralizado a derecha. Neumoperitoneo hasta 12mmHg por técnica abierta en flanco derecho para un puerto de 12mm, inicialmente para la cámara, y luego para la mano izquierda del cirujano. Otro de 6mm en fosa ilíaca derecha para la mano derecha del cirujano, y uno de 12mm supraumbilical para la cámara. Identificamos el muñón rectal en la pelvis. Liberamos el ostoma circunferencialmente, y confeccionamos una jareta con polipropileno 2-0. Colocacamos el anvil de la sutura mecánica 29mm, y reintroducimos el cabo colónico al abdomen. Se realiza cierre parietal en dos planos, y reinstalamos el neumoperitoneo. Colocacamos la sutura mecánica transrectal, engarzando la misma con el anvil a través de la cara anterior del muñón rectal, confeccionando la anastomosis colo-rectal término-lateral. La prueba hidroneumática fue negativa. El paciente tuvo un postoperatorio sin complicaciones, otorgándole el alta a las 72hs del procedimiento, tolerando vía oral, sin dolor, sin fiebre y habiendo movilizado el intestino. Conclusiones. La cirugía de Hartmann sigue siendo uno de los procedimiento más realizados para tratar las complicaciones perforativas y oclusivas del colon izquierdo y recto. La restitución del tránsito intestinal luego de esta cirugía tiene un altísimo porcentaje de no concretarse por diferentes motivos. La cirugía miniinvasiva requiere de una larga curva de aprendizaje y destreza de alto nivel, pero hay varios trabajos que demuestran que la reversión de un Hartmann tiene mejores resultados por esta vía. Bibliografía Hallam S, Mothe BS, Tirumulaju R. Hartmann's procedure, reversal and rate of stoma-free survival. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2018;100(4):301-307. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2018.0006 Horesh N, Lessing Y, Rudnicki Y, et al. Considerations for Hartmann's reversal and Hartmann's reversal outcomes-a multicenter study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017;32(11):1577-1582. doi:10.1007/s00384-017-2897-2 Melkonian E, Heine C, Contreras D, et al. Reversal of the Hartmann's procedure: A comparative study of laparoscopic versus open surgery. J Minim Access Surg. 2017;13(1):47-50. doi:10.4103/0972-9941.181329 Resio BJ, Jean R, Chiu AS, Pei KY. Association of Timing of Colostomy Reversal With Outcomes Following Hartmann Procedure for Diverticulitis. JAMA Surg. 2019;154(3):218-224. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.4359 Park W, Park WC, Kim KY, Lee SY. Efficacy and Safety of Laparoscopic Hartmann Colostomy Reversal. Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):306-311. doi:10.3393/ac.2018.09.07

Synchronous Hartmann reversal and incisional hernia repair is associated with higher complication rate compared to a staged procedure

Post operative ventral hernias are common following Hartmann's procedure. There is a debate whether hernia repair is safe when performed concomitantly with colostomy closure. In this study we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of synchronous Hartmann reversal (HR) with a hernia repair, compared to a staged procedure. A retrospective multi-center study was conducted, including all patients who underwent Hartmann’s procedure from January 2004 to July 2017 in 5 medical centers. Patient data included demographics, surgical data and post-operative outcome. Two hundred and seventy-four patients underwent colostomy reversal following Hartmann's procedure. In 107 patients (39%) a concomitant ventral hernia was reported during the Hartmann's reversal. Out of this cohort, 62 patients (58%) underwent hernia repair during follow-up. Thirty two patients (52%) underwent a synchronous hernia repair and 30 patients (48%) underwent hernia repair as a separate procedure. Post operative complication rate was significantly higher in the colostomy reversal with synchronous hernia repair group when compared to HR alone group (53% vs. 20%; p < 0.01; OR 4.5). In addition, severe complication rate (Clavien–Dindo score ≥ 3) was higher in the synchronous hernia repair group (25% vs. 7%). A tendency for higher hernia recurrence rate was noted in the synchronous group (56% vs. 40%). Median follow up time was 2.53 years (range 1–13.3 years). Synchronous colostomy closure and ventral hernia repair following Hartmann's procedure carries a significant risk for post operative complications, indicating that a staged procedure might be preferable.