Effects of vasopressin on anesthetic response time and circulatory dynamics of lidocaine

This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that vasopressin extends the anesthetic response time of lidocaine and does not affect the circulatory dynamics. Rats were sedated with isoflurane; subsequently, breathing was maintained through mechanical ventilation. We infiltrated the first molar area of the upper left jaw with saline (NS, test solution), 2% lidocaine (L), 0.025 IU vasopressin-supplemented 2% lidocaine, 0.05 IU vasopressin-supplemented 2% lidocaine, 0.1 IU vasopressin-supplemented 2% lidocaine, and 0.2 IU vasopressin-supplemented 2% lidocaine (VL4). Further, anesthetic response times were measured up to 30 min using electric pulp testing methods (n = 4). The anesthetic response times of NS, L, and VL4 were measured up to 45 min with the aforementioned results as reference values (n = 7). The circulatory dynamics of NS, L, VL4, and 0.2 IU vasopressin (V) were measured up to 45 min using a non-invasive blood pressure measuring device. VL4 extended the anesthetic response times of lidocaine compared to L (p < 0.05). Further, V and VL4 significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly decreased the pulse rate (p < 0.05). VL4 is not a suitable addition to the local anesthetic solution used in dentistry. Further study is needed to determine vasopressin concentration that extends the anesthetic effect without affecting the circulatory dynamics.

Validation of the wrist blood pressure measuring device Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) among obese Sudanese patients according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol Revision 2010

Background: Electronic devices for measuring blood pressure (BP) need to go through independent clinical validation as recommended by different authorities, both in general and specific populations. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) wrist oscillometric devices in obese Sudanese patients. Methods: Of 90 obese individuals invited for recruitment, 33 were included in the study, and had their BP at the level of the wrist measured using Omron RS6 and standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Two observations were made and the mean was taken. BP differences between the two methods for the 33 participants were classified into three categories (≤5, ≤10, and ≤15 mmHg), according to the European Society of Hypertension-International Protocol revision 2010 (ESH-IP2) criteria. This was then used to assess the validity of the tested Omron RS6 device. Results: Participants had a mean age of 56.97 years (standard deviation (SD), 8.75; range, 36-79). Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 146.21 mmHg (SD, 23.07; range, 107-182), and average diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 93.82 mmHg (SD, 16.06; range, 67-128). There was a good agreement between the two observations using the OMRON RS6 and the standard sphygmomanometer: −4 to + 3 mmHg for SBP and −4 to +4 mmHg for DBP, with the mean difference of 1.73±1.11 mmHg for SBP and 1.49±1.02 mmHg for DBP. Conclusion: Thus, the Omron RS6 (HEM-6221-E) is a valid and suitable measure of BP according to ESH-IP2.

Digital Sphygmomanometer Based on Arduino Using TFT LCD Display

Sphygmomanometer is a human blood pressure measuring device which has several types such as mercury, digital, and aneroid. At this time, mercury Sphygmomanometer is not allowed to be used anymore considering the side effects of mercury which can harm the skin and even respiration. This study helps to reduce the use of mercury type Sphygmomanometer. The researchers make arduino TFT LCD display based Sphyhmomanometer so that the use of mercury can be reduced and make it easier for users to process measurement. The researchers used the oscillmetry method in making the device to calculate the systolic and diastolic pressure. The result of blood pressure measurement has a systolic error rate of 0,08% and a diastolic error rate 0,09%.