Transmitted Water Disease, Assessment of Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and The Carrier State of Disease

The transmission of viral hepatitis type B (HBV) is of significant public health concern. The infection result depends on how well the virus interacts with the host and in particular, on the ability to respond inherently and adaptively to the humoral and cellular immunity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical, immunology and tracer status (viral). This study showed the relationship between the immune and chronic conditions of Iraqi patients who are chronic hepatitis virus B or HBV carriers. The study included (111) chronically-viral hepatitis type (b) and (112) hepatitis virus surface antigen type (b) healthy carriers from out of patients. The result of this study proved that a non-significant correlation was observed between cellular immune response (CD4 and CD8) among chronic hepatitis B patients. For CD8+ lymphocytes: there was a highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in the percentage means of the CD8+ cells in CHB patients, as compared with the carrier groups. For CD4+ lymphocytes: there was a slight decrease in the percentage of these lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the patients, as compared with the carrier groups, a non-significant importance was recorded between them. The percentage of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CD8+ was significantly decreased in CHB patients as compared to the carrier group. One of the deciding factors for the form of infection, and the immune response, which developed in accordance with a number of other biochemical factors and genes is chronic hepatitis B immunopathogénesis and carrier condition with the level of cellular immunity.

Ozone therapy for vial hepatitis. What can be expected? [abstract]

Patients with acute viral hepatitis (type A, B, C) should receive high dosage OT at least twice weekly, expecting a fast decline of transaminases and bilirubins, as well as a fast clinical (subjective) recovery. On average, six sessions of OT will suffice. In the author’s experience, this program will avoid the possible chronification of the disease. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis (type B, C) normally require longer treatment, with two OT sessions weekly, for at least six weeks, after which the laboratory work should be remade. A reduction of transaminases is expected to occur, signifying a reduction in the intensity of the ongoing inflammatory process. An OT “maintenance” program is then recommended for at least six months, testing the transaminases regularly. Viral load negativization may or may not occur, but should not be THE goal of this treatment. During the OT, the viral load may vary immensely, and we have no sure explanation for this as yet. The author considers the viral load not to be a reliable criterion for the evaluation of the efficacy of ozone therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. For legal as well as medical reasons, the author recommends NOT to apply ozone therapy and Interferon / Ribavirin treatments at the same time. The real efficacy and long term safety of the newer medicines for acute and chronic viral hepatitis seem very positive, but may / should still be observed / cleared.

In Search of Factors Negatively Affecting Vaccine Immunity to Pertussis in Preschool Children Before the Administration of the First Booster

Introduction: The top priority of active immunoprophylaxis of pertussis is immunisation of infants as they can develop severe multiple-organ complications or even die from this disease. Objectives: The aim of the work is the identification of factors negatively affecting vaccine immunity to pertussis in preschool children prior to the administration of the first booster. Patients and Methods: The research was conducted on 352 children from 4.5 to 5.9 years of age who were hospitalised in the University Children&rsquo;s Hospital in Lublin (Poland) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. The children taking part in the study had been administered all the mandatory vaccines from their birth to the age of 2 or 2.5 years old according to the Polish Immunisation Program 2008-2009. The immunoenzymatic method ELISA was applied to assess vaccine immunity to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), poliomyelitis (IPV), mumps, rubella and measles. The level of vaccine antibodies to hepatitis type B was determined chemilumiscently. Results: The protective antibody titer was not found in 41 (11.65%) children before the administration of the booster. To verify the collective impact of parameters analised on antibody titer to pertussis, the Generalized Linear Model (GLZ) was used. Gender, type of vaccine, asthma, Hib and mumps antibody titers have been shown to be predicators of vaccine immunity to pertussis. Conclusions: Immunomodulation considered on the example of titer of IgG antibody to pertussis can serve as a useful model of the assessment of development of acquired immunity after mandatory vaccinations.