scholarly journals In Search of Factors Negatively Affecting Vaccine Immunity to Pertussis in Preschool Children Before the Administration of the First Booster

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bednarek ◽  
Anna Bodajko-Grochowska ◽  
Barbara Hasiec ◽  
Robert Klepacz ◽  
Katarzyna Szczekala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The University ◽  
Hepatitis Type B ◽  
Vaccine Immunity

Introduction: The top priority of active immunoprophylaxis of pertussis is immunisation of infants as they can develop severe multiple-organ complications or even die from this disease. Objectives: The aim of the work is the identification of factors negatively affecting vaccine immunity to pertussis in preschool children prior to the administration of the first booster. Patients and Methods: The research was conducted on 352 children from 4.5 to 5.9 years of age who were hospitalised in the University Children’s Hospital in Lublin (Poland) from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. The children taking part in the study had been administered all the mandatory vaccines from their birth to the age of 2 or 2.5 years old according to the Polish Immunisation Program 2008-2009. The immunoenzymatic method ELISA was applied to assess vaccine immunity to tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), poliomyelitis (IPV), mumps, rubella and measles. The level of vaccine antibodies to hepatitis type B was determined chemilumiscently. Results: The protective antibody titer was not found in 41 (11.65%) children before the administration of the booster. To verify the collective impact of parameters analised on antibody titer to pertussis, the Generalized Linear Model (GLZ) was used. Gender, type of vaccine, asthma, Hib and mumps antibody titers have been shown to be predicators of vaccine immunity to pertussis. Conclusions: Immunomodulation considered on the example of titer of IgG antibody to pertussis can serve as a useful model of the assessment of development of acquired immunity after mandatory vaccinations.

Adherence to Recommended Post-Splenectomy Immunizations to Reduce the Risk of Sepsis: The University of Washington Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Nikita Pozdeyev ◽  
Arpit Patel ◽  
Paul S. Pottinger ◽  
Michael Leu ◽  
Thomas H. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The University

Immunizations against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b are recommended for patients undergoing splenectomy to decrease the risk of developing overwhelming infections. The authors sought to determine adherence to these recommendations by providers at UW Medicine. Regional immunization records for patients who underwent splenectomy between October 2015 and January 2019 were analyzed to measure compliance with immunization guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Among 253 patients who underwent splenectomy, 38 (15%) received all 7 immunizations against S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, and H influenzae type b recommended by the CDC; 95% of patients received at least 1 pneumococcal vaccine; 26% percent of patients did not receive MenB-4C vaccine. Many patients (3% to 10%) received redundant immunizations not in accordance with CDC recommendations. Development of state and national immunization registries and systems to improve adherence with post-splenectomy immunization guidelines may reduce risk for life-threatening infections.

scholarly journals A Paradoxical Screening Serological Assay for the Diagnosis of Whipple’s Disease (infection with Tropheryma whipplei)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Liew ◽  
Chelsea Nguyen ◽  
Nilakshi T Waidyatillake ◽  
John Stenos ◽  
Aaron Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Whipple’S Disease ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Whipple's Disease ◽  
Serological Assay ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers

ABSTRACTWhipple’s disease (WD) is a rare infection due to Tropheryma whipplei. Following in-vitro cultivation of T. whipplei, an indirect-immunofluorescence serological assay (IFA) was developed. We tested the hypothesis that this assay could be used to either identify WD patients, or rule out WD, in patients in whom the diagnosis is being considered, based on the antibody titers of their IgM and IgG antibody responses. In this small study fourteen WD patients and 22 healthy volunteers’ sera were obtained from across Australia. All specimens were coded and de-identified before testing. A patient with an IgG antibody titer of ≤1:16 may have WD [sensitivity 57% (8/14) and specificity close to 100% (22/22)]. High IgM antibody titers (≥1:256) were more common in WD patients [sensitivity 50% (7/14) and specificity 86% (19/22)] than in controls. The area under Receiver-Operator-Characteristic curve for IgG in the IFA assay was 0.84 (95% CI 0.69-1.00). At an IgG antibody titer of ≤1:16 the Youden’s index was 0.57. WD patients’ under-produce IgG antibody to T.whipplei but are more likely to over-produce IgM antibodies. This screening IFA serological assay may be clinically useful in detecting those with a possible diagnosis of WD. Patients with an IgG antibody titer of ≤1:16 and an IgM antibody titer of ≥1:256 may have WD and should proceed to a tissue biopsy and PCR for confirmation. Further validation of this assay, by increasing the sample size, by testing it in patients with non-WD disease and trialing in other countries should be undertaken.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine: Use in the Pediatric Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-735
Author(s):  
Vymutt J. Gururaj ◽  
Jenny K. Patrick ◽  
Patricia Fields Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Community Clinics ◽  
The University ◽  
Teaching Clinics

To assess the use of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and the attitudes of health professionals regarding its use in the pediatric population, we conducted a study of community clinics, health department clinics, university-based teaching clinics, and private practice groups in the state of Texas. Whereas 59.6% of the private practice groups and 57.1% of the university-based teaching clinics administered the vaccine to more than 75% of their eligible children, 72.7% of community clinics and 81.7% of health department clinics never administered the vaccine to their eligible children. Likewise, whereas 100% of the university-based teaching clinics and 95.7% of the private practice groups had the vaccine available to their patients, only 22.7% of the community clinics and 15.5% of the health department clinics did so. The two most common reasons given by health professionals concerning the nonuse of the vaccine were nonavailability and high cost of the vaccine. Our findings suggest that a large segment of eligible children do not have access to this important vaccine and that children who depend on community and health department clinics for their routine health care are particularly affected in this regard. Strategies identified to increase the use of the vaccine include providing vaccine free of charge, increasing patient awareness of the vaccine benefits, and passing mandatory state laws requiring vaccine administration before day-care enrollment.

scholarly journals Characteristics of convalescent plasma donors and their antibody titers in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Ponkaj K. Datta ◽  
M. Mujibur Rahman ◽  
Ahmedul Kabir ◽  
M. Mazharul Hoque ◽  
Motlabur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Donor Criteria ◽  
Donor Plasma

Background: Convalescent plasma is considered a promising therapy for severe COVID-19 disease. It is collected from the voluntary donors. Measurement of the antibody titer is necessary before transfusion to predict the outcome in the recipients. Characteristics of the convalescent plasma donors in Bangladesh and their antibody titers are not known.Methods: Convalescent plasma was collected from the voluntary donors who survived the COVID-19 disease to transfuse to the severe COVID-19 patients under a randomized control trial. Total IgG antibody titer was measured in the donor plasma by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was collected in a preformed questionnaire before donor plasma collection.Results: The median age is 32 (18-55) years.  Fever, cough, sore throat, diarrhea was most common among 68.3% of the symptomatic participants and the remaining 31.7% were asymptomatic at the time when they were RT-PCR positive. Overall, 57.1% of participants had mild symptoms, 11.1% had moderate symptoms and none had severe symptoms. Participants’ antibody titers were measured 41.68±14.072SD days after the RT-PCR positive date.  Rapid qualitative test could not detect antibody in 11 (17.5%) potential donors. Of the remaining 52 (82.5%) antibody positive participants titer was measured in 43 participants and found 1:320 in 17 (27.0%) (n=63), 1:160 in another 17 (27.0%) (n=63) and 1:80 in rest of the 9 (14.28%) (n=63) Participants. The mean titer of the donors who were hospitalized during their illness (1:274.29) was statistically significantly higher (p=0.043, CI>95%). The mean titer was also higher in female than in male, symptomatic than asymptomatic participants and in donors of A positive blood group. However, these finding are not statistically significant. Antibody titer does not correlate with time of RT-PCR negativity from initial RT-PCR positivity, time from RT-PCR positivity to titer date, age and body mass index.Conclusions: All RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients subsequently may not develop antibody. Although antibody titer among hospitalized symptomatic patients was significantly higher, further study is needed to recommend optimal convalescent plasma donor criteria. 

Comparison of Covid-19 IgG Anti-Spike Antibody Titer after Vaccination with Sputnik V in Seropositive and Naïve Vaccinees

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hajra Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has shown to reduce the risk of having a severe infection and initiate a good degree of disease protection. Studies assessing the antibody titer after vaccination can be very helpful to see whether previously infected individuals have better immunological response as compared to uninfected or antibody naïve individuals. Aims & Objectives: Comparison of Anti-spike IgG antibody among vaccinees with or without previous exposure to COVID-19. To determine whether single dose regimen can produce significant antibody titer amongst previously infected cases and design vaccine dosage regimens accordingly. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted at Chughtai Institute of Pathology from April 2021 to June 2021. Material & Methods: Blood samples were collected from 83 adult male and female vaccinees at baseline, 3 weeks after the first dose and finally 7 days after the second dose. Previously infected individuals’ record was noted separately. Samples were immediately analyzed using Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II quant two step immunoassay. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Majority of the candidates (57 %) were females and on analysis it was found that 42% of the patients were seropositive whereas 58% of the patients were antibody naïve before receiving the first dose of vaccine. There was a significant difference between mean antibody titer of seropositive and seronegative study participants at day 0, day 21 and finally on day 28 (p value <0.001) with seropositive individuals having higher antibody titers even after first vaccine shot. Conclusion: Post vaccination immunological response was higher in seropositive individuals as compared to the antibody naïve and this finding can help the policy makers to design a single dose vaccine regimen for the former category.

scholarly journals A survey of vaccine-induced measles IgG antibody titer and the verification of changes in temporal differences of measles vaccination in young adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Sasaki ◽  
Tomoko Fukunaga ◽  
Ai Asano ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Yuko Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractIn Japan, sporadic measles cases increased rapidly in 2019 compared to that in past 6 years. To clarify the persistence of immunity against measles in young adult, this study explored the prevalence of IgG antibody titer against measles virus in 18-to 24-year-old young adult participants. Measles-specific IgG antibody titers determined by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples collected from 506 participants between 18 to 24 years were assessed through statistical analyses. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the distribution of measles IgG antibody titers was significantly correlated with medical history (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among the number of vaccinations related to measles IgG titers. Further, measles IgG titers were significantly different, which was determined by the temporal change that elapsed period after last vaccination (P < 0.05). These results indicate that periodic vaccination against measles is required for young and older adults to prevent even sporadic measles infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study using IgM and IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in The University of Tokyo, Japan (UT-CATS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihisa Mitani ◽  
Kensuke Hamada ◽  
Naoyuki Yoshikawa ◽  
Yoshifumi Morita ◽  
Takeshi Horie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The University

Simultaneous Administration of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine With Acellular or Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine: Effects on Reactogenicity and Immune Responses to Pertussis Vaccines

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Rennels ◽  
George F. Reed ◽  
Michael D. Decker ◽  
Kathryn M. Edwards ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Type B ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Combination Vaccines ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Objective. To evaluate the effect of simultaneous Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (Hib) vaccination on the safety and immunogenicity of selected acellular (DTaP) and whole-cell (DTP) pertussis vaccines with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined. Methods. Enrollment of infants into a large multicenter study of the safety and immunogenicity of 13 DTaP and 2 DTP vaccines was partially completed when the first Hib vaccine, HbOC (Haemophilus b oligosaccharide conjugate vaccine), was licensed for use in infants. Thereafter, at each immunization most infants received HbOC simultaneously with DTaP (or DTP), administered in opposite thighs. Postvaccination geometric mean titers or concentrations (GMTs) of pertussis antibodies as measured by six different assays were compared pairwise among groups of infants receiving 0, 1, 2, or 3 simultaneous HbOC immunizations. The incidence of reactions was compared between infants who received only DTaP or DTP and those who received HbOC simultaneously. Results. Comparison of postvaccination GMTs was possible among groups of infants receiving different numbers of simultaneous immunizations for 10 of the 13 DTaP and both DTP vaccines. Increased HbOC exposure had no consistent dose-response effect on antibody titers for DTaP or DTP vaccines in any assay. Significant diferences between groups in postvaccination GMTs were observed with 4 DTaP vaccines in 1 to 2 assays each; the GMTs were higher with increasing HbOC exposure for 2 DTaP vaccines and lower for 2 others. There was no significant increase in reactions with simultaneous HbOC and DTaP immunization. Conclusions. Based on these retrospective analyses, there did not seem to be an interference in pertussis immunogenicity or alteration in reactogenicity associated with the simultaneous administration of HbOC and DTaP. These findings are encouraging with respect to the development of DTaP-Hib combination vaccines.

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