Transmitted Water Disease, Assessment of Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and The Carrier State of Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Riyad E. Abed ◽  
Moatasem Al-Salih
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Type B ◽  
Hepatitis Type B

The transmission of viral hepatitis type B (HBV) is of significant public health concern. The infection result depends on how well the virus interacts with the host and in particular, on the ability to respond inherently and adaptively to the humoral and cellular immunity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical, immunology and tracer status (viral). This study showed the relationship between the immune and chronic conditions of Iraqi patients who are chronic hepatitis virus B or HBV carriers. The study included (111) chronically-viral hepatitis type (b) and (112) hepatitis virus surface antigen type (b) healthy carriers from out of patients. The result of this study proved that a non-significant correlation was observed between cellular immune response (CD4 and CD8) among chronic hepatitis B patients. For CD8+ lymphocytes: there was a highly significant decrease (P<0.001) in the percentage means of the CD8+ cells in CHB patients, as compared with the carrier groups. For CD4+ lymphocytes: there was a slight decrease in the percentage of these lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of the patients, as compared with the carrier groups, a non-significant importance was recorded between them. The percentage of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CD8+ was significantly decreased in CHB patients as compared to the carrier group. One of the deciding factors for the form of infection, and the immune response, which developed in accordance with a number of other biochemical factors and genes is chronic hepatitis B immunopathogénesis and carrier condition with the level of cellular immunity.

scholarly journals How to Clear HBV cccDNA: CRISPR/Cas9 Might Be Promising

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wen Ren ◽  
Jing Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Circular Dna ◽  
Hbv Cccdna ◽  
B Virus

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B infected with Hepatitis B virus remains a major health concern worldwide. Despite standard interferon-&alpha; and nucleotide analogues have been shown to reduce the deterioration of liver disease among chronic hepatitis B patients, covalently closed circular DNA was still difficult to eradicate. METHODS: A literature search of Pubmed and Web of science was performed with the following key words: &lsquo;CRISPR&rsquo;, &lsquo;CRISPR/Cas9&rsquo;, &lsquo;hepatitis B&rsquo;, &lsquo;HBV&rsquo;, &lsquo;chronic hepatitis B&rsquo; and &lsquo;HBV cccDNA&rsquo;. The information about CRISPR/Cas9 for the treatment of HBV cccDNA or hepatitis B was reviewed. RESULTS: CRISPR/Cas9 could treat hepatitis B through suppressing or clearing HBV cccDNA with different gRNAs. CONCLUSION: With the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 (the RNA-guided clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR) editing technology, clearance of hepatitis B virus and better prevention of liver carcinoma seemed to be possible.

scholarly journals Scleromyxedema (Arndt - Gottron Syndrome) Developing Under Tenofovir Treatment for Hepatitis B: Unique Presentation in a Bulgarian Patient!

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Temelkova ◽  
James Patterson ◽  
Georgi Tchernev
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hepatitis B Treatment

BACKGROUND: Scleromyxedema, also referred to as the Arndt-Gottron (S-AG) syndrome or the systemic form of Lichen myxedematosus (LM), is a cutaneous mucinosis with a chronic course and high lethality from systemic involvement of other organs and systems. Interesting in several aspects is the association between scleromyxedema and viral hepatitis about: 1) hepatitis virus infection as a possible etiological factor for the development of scleromyxedema, 2) antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of hepatitis as a method of reversing scleromyxedema and 3) antiviral drugs as inducers of scleromyxedema. CASE REPORT: We present a 53-year old patient who for nine months had been on tenofovir disoproxil 245 mg (0-0-1) therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Three months after the start of antiviral therapy (i.e. for a period of 6 months), the patient observed swelling, itching and hardening of the skin on the face, ears and hands, which subsequently spread throughout the trunk. Subsequent histological study of a skin biopsy revealed changes of scleromyxedema at an advanced stage, though immunoelectrophoresis of serum and urine excluded the presence of paraproteinaemia or para proteinuria. Systemic antihistamine and topical corticosteroid therapy were instituted. Bone involvement with possible plasmacytoma was excluded, and a myelogram showed evidence of an erythroblastic reaction of bone marrow. CONCLUSION: We believe that drug-induced scleromyxedema is a rare but possible phenomenon. We describe the first case of tenofovir-induced scleromyxedema within the framework of chronic hepatitis B treatment.

Intrahepatic innate immune response pathways are downregulated in untreated chronic hepatitis B

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Lebossé ◽  
Barbara Testoni ◽  
Judith Fresquet ◽  
Floriana Facchetti ◽  
Enrico Galmozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune

scholarly journals Efficacy of a self-management program in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in China

BMC Nursing ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying’ai Cui ◽  
Michiko Moriyama ◽  
Kazuaki Chayama ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Chunmei Ya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background Chronic hepatitis, mainly B or C, increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and remains an emerging issue in the globe. China has high rates of liver cancer incidence and mortality in the world. To address such challenges, adequate management of chronic hepatitis is required. Self-management education is one alternative for improving the hepatitis patients’ knowledge of the disease, mental health, and clinical management. This study aimed to examine the quality of life (QOL), psychological effects, and behavioral changes of a self-management program which allows continuity of care for chronic hepatitis B and C patients. Method In a six-month, randomized controlled trial, we invited 73 chronic hepatitis B/C inpatients to receive (i) two face-to-face education sessions provided by a nurse during hospitalization, and monthly telephone counseling at home after discharge; (ii) or usual care treatment (control group). The primary endpoint (patients’ QOL) and secondary outcomes (including self-efficacy, depression symptoms, perceived cognition of illness and behavioral changes) were assessed. In addition, we conducted qualitative data analysis to facilitate the evaluation of the interventions. Results Sixty (82.2%) out of 73 eligible patients with chronic hepatitis B/C (aged 34.9 ± 8.9 years) participated in the study. The intervention group (n = 30) significantly improved on outcomes including QOL, self-efficacy, perceived cognition of illness, and behavioral changes, whereas the control group significantly decreased their healthy behaviors. In terms of behavioral changes, alcohol avoidance, dietary adherence, and stress management also improved in the intervention group. However, there were no significant improvements in symptoms of depression. Most participants (80%) in the intervention group stated that they benefited from the program. Conclusions This program contributed to patients’ acquisition of self-management skills to cope with their illnesses, and significantly improved their QOL. This program serves as a reminder for nurses who care for patients with chronic viral hepatitis to acquire these skills as it would help them address the daily needs of their patients. Trial registration UMIN000025378. Registered December 23, 2016.

Effect of telbivudine therapy on the cellular immune response in chronic hepatitis B

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xuefen Li ◽  
Bo Ye ◽  
Xianzhi Yang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune
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