Remarkable damage in talc caused by electron beam irradiation with a dose of up to 1000 kGy: lattice shrinkage in the Z- and Y-axis and corresponding intrinsic microstructural transformation process speculation

Upon irradiation, tetrahedral Si–O and the links of tetrahedron and octahedron sheets are cleaved, leading to shrinkage and amorphization. That in the Z-axis is more pronounced than in the Y-axis.

Low photoactive phase temperature all-inorganic, tin–lead mixed perovskite solar cell

In Cs-based all inorganic perovskite solar cells based, doping Sn can cause lattice shrinkage, which reduces annealing temperature of forming photoactive phase.

The Influence of Cerium on the Hydrogen Storage Properties of La1-xCexNi5 Alloys

La1-xCexNi5 alloys (x = 0, 0.09, 0.25 and 0.5) were investigated in terms of their structures, phase contents, hydrogen storage properties and microhardness. It was confirmed that a cerium addition to the reference (LaNi5) alloy caused structural changes such as lattice shrinkage and, as a result, changed both the absorption and desorption pressures and the enthalpies of formation and decomposition. The alloy with the highest cerium content was found to possess a two-phase structure, probably as a result of nonequilibrium cooling conditions during its manufacturing process. The microhardness was found to increase to some extent with the cerium content and decrease for samples with the highest cerium content.

Resistance degradation behavior of Ca-doped BaTiO3

Resistance degradation of Ca-doped BaTiO3 ceramics was investigated. A series of coarse and fine-grained (Ba1–xCax)TiO3 with only Ba site incorporation ranging x from 0 to 0.1, and Ba(Ti1–yCay)O3 ceramics with only Ti site incorporation ranging y from 0 to 0.015, were prepared with similar grain sizes. The increase of x did not cause any distinct difference in degradation, whereas an increase in y caused a significant resistance degradation in both coarse and fine-grained specimens. The variation of ionic transference number (tion) as evaluated by the Warburg impedance was negligible with increase in x, but significantly increased with the increase in y. These results demonstrate that the decrease of lattice parameters and lattice shrinkage by the Ba site incorporation of Ca has little influence on the resistance degradation, and that the oxygen vacancy concentration generated by the Ti site incorporation of acceptor Ca is a very important factor that governs resistance degradation.

X-RAY INVESTIGATION OF Ti-DOPED HYDROXYAPATITE COATING BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

Ti -addition to hydroxyapatites [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2–HA] with 5.0 wt.% Ti content, was successfully deposited on titanium substrate by mechanical alloying (MA) method. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data indicated that some changes take place in the HA lattice as well as in the Ti substrate. The coating thickness of the as-synthesized sample was about 91.1 μm. Ti incorporation into the apatite structure caused lattice shrinkage. The heat treated sample shows that dominant phase was HA up to 600°C. The Ti -doped HA steadily transformed to β- and α-tricalcium phosphate at 800°C. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations revealed cracks above the temperature of 600°C. The presence of cracks could be due to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion of Ti -doped HA and Ti -alloy substrate.