EP.TU.569Improving Confidence and Technique When Preparing Nipple Smears for Cytology

Aims To create a sustainable means of educating breast surgeons on how to prepare nipple smears for cytology when investigating nipple discharge. Methods A nation-wide questionnaire of 51 doctors conducted in 2020 identified low confidence and competency in preparing a nipple smear slide. A 3-minute training video was subsequently created and published to the Association of Breast Surgery (ABS) website for universal access. Doctors were prompted to complete a questionnaire after watching the video to assess understanding, confidence, and obtain video feedback. Results were collected and analysed using Qualtrics software. Results 31 doctors completed the survey (10% foundation doctors, 77% specialist trainees, 13% consultants). The mean±StD nipple smears prepared per year was 1.74±0.95. The percentage of doctors who felt confident in their technique increased from 44% to 100%. Ninety-seven per cent correctly identified how to store and label the sample, previously 45%. The percentage of doctors aware of where to place the sample on the slide increased from 37% to 100%. Eighty-seven per cent were aware of the optimal fluid volume in comparison to 10% previously. All respondents felt the video was valuable and 71% of respondents indicated they would also benefit from a written list of instructions. Conclusions The preparation of nipple smear slides has historically been an area of clinical uncertainty. An educational video was successfully created to educate all grades of doctors and made universally accessible through the ABS website.

Calcareous Nanofossil of Post-Gondwana Sequence in Southern Banda Arc, Indonesia

The presence of calcareous nannofossils in samples of the Post-Gondwana sequences (Kolbano and Viqueque sequence) gives guidance about the relative age of the study area located in the Outer Banda Arc, namely Timor, Rote, and Sawu Island. The study was carried out on six traverses, Timor Island traverse (Baun and Camplong), Rote Island traverse (Termanu and Central Rote), and Sawu Island traverses (West Sawu and East Sawu). There is 29 outcrop sample prepared using the smear slide method and observed using a polarizing microscope with 1000x magnification. The results of the study showed the presence of Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Neogen-Quarternary calcareous nannofossil. There are 82 species from 14 families identified in the post-Gondwana sequence. The results showed that the assemblage of calcareous nannofossil in Cretaceous characterized by the presence of Watznaueria fasciata, Watznaueria cynthae, Cyclagelosphaera brezae, Orastrum campanensis, and Micula concava. The assemblage of Paleogene calcareous nannofossil characterized by the presence of Coccolithus staurion, Chiasmolithus solitus, Discoaster minimus, Tawelus (?) magnicrassus, Chiasmolithus bidens, Prinsius africanus, Cyclicargolithus luminus, Spenolithus elongatus, Reticulofenestra umbilica, Cruciplacolithus vanheckae, and Helicospharea seminulum, and the assemblage of Neogene calcareous nannofossil characterized by the presence of Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster quinqueramus, Helicosphaera princei, and Discoaster pansus. Quarternary calcareous nannofossil characterized by the presence of Ponthospaera indooceanica.

Quy trình gia công và phân tích hóa thạch Tảo vôi, áp dụng cho các trầm tích ven biển tỉnh Sóc Trăng

Calcareous nannofossils are very small microfossils composed of calcium carbonate. They are very good biostratigraphic markers within marine sediments by covering the Jurassic to present. The standard preparation of a sample for nannofossil analysis requires the collection of the largest quantity and the best fossils. Sample preparation accords to the following steps: i. Pounding sample; ii. Eliminating organic matter; iii. Washing sample; iv. Filter sample through the sieve; v. Eliminating clay; vi. Drying sample in an incubator; vii. Packing sample. Sample analysis accords to the following steps: i. Preparation of smear - slide; ii. Observation of morphology; iii. Determination; iv. Taking photo; v. Evaluating overall preservation and abundance of fossils; vi. Making analysis result sheet. This process is applied to study calcareous nannofossils within marine sediments in Soc Trang province. It makes much clear to understand middle Pleistocene-early Holocene ecosystem of calcareous nannofossil. In conclusion, this assemblage belongs to NN21 zone by the present of Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica.

SEBARAN ENDAPAN KUARSA DI PERAIRAN DELTA KAPUAS, PONTIANAK, KALIMANTAN BARAT

Dasar laut Delta Kapuas ditutupi oleh fraksi sedimen lempung sampai pasir yang secara tekstural mempunyai persentase pasir antara kosong sampai 100 %. Fraksi sedimen ini berdasarkan hasil analisis oles tipis yang ditunjang oleh sebagian analisis mineralogi butir umumnya berkomposisi utama kuarsa. Ikutannya dalam jumlah relatif kecil, terdiri atas feldspar, mika, ilmenit, piroksen Fe/Mn oksida, foraminifera, fragmen dan mikrit. Secara lateral, sebaran kuarsa relatif membesar ke arah bagian hulu sungai dengan persentase mencapai 75 %. Berdasarkan tatanan stratigrafi dan cara pembentukannya maka keberadaan kuarsa dalam sedimen permukaan dasar laut, selain dari hasil pengerjaan ulang Aluvium dan arenit kuarsa itu sendiri juga berasal dari erosi batuan primer Granit Sukadana yang berada di sebelah timur daerah penelitian. Kata Kunci : Sedimen permukaan, analisis oles tipis, kuarsa, Granit Sukadana dan perairan Delta Kapuas. Sea floor of Kapuas Delta is covered by sediment fraction from clay to sand in size. Texturally, the percentages of sand fraction is ranging between null to 100 %. Base on smear slide and grain analysis the sediment fraction is composed mainly quartz. Associated mineral accessories are relatively small which is consisted of feldspar, mica, ilmenite, pyroxene, Fe/Mn oxide, foraminifera, calcareous fragment and micrite. Laterally, distribution of quartz relatively increased towards upstream with percentage reaches 75 %. Based on stratigraphy setting and its formation, the existence of quartz in the sea floor surficial sediment, apart resulted from reworking of Alluvium and quartz arenite itself, it also comes from erosion of primary rock Granite Sukadana located eastside of the investigation area. Keywords: Surface sediment, smear slides analysis, quartz, Granite Sukadana and Delta Kapuas water.

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF RECENT SEDIMENT IN SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, CIAMIS REGENCY, WEST JAVA

The high intensity of erosions at the rivers upstream which are rivermouthed into the Segara Anakan Lagoon, as sources of the materials which are causing the sedimentation on the lagoon systematically. Based on smear slide analyses and major element contents, source of the sediment which is deposited in the lagoon floor, was predicted as the volcanic products. This condition is supported by the existence of non biogenic materials such as quartz, mica, ferro-oxides, manganese oxides and tuff in the lagoon. Beside that, the existence of major elements such as SiO2 (36,6 – 51,4%) Al2O3 (13,38 – 24,70%), and Fe2O3 (8,69 – 30,6%), is particular element indicators of volcanic products. The lithology in the survey area are volcanic products such as Jampang Formation and Panutuan Formation. Jampang Formation consist of volcano breccia, tuff intercalated with lava and sandstone, claystone, napal intercalated with conglomerate. Panutuan Formation consist of sandstone, napal and tuff, Formation Members of Tuff Napalan, Panutuan Formation, which are spread on the basinal area of Citanduy, Cibeureum, and Ciseel rivers which are rivermouthed into Segara Anakan Lagoon. Key words : smear slide, major element, Segara Anakan. Intensitas erosi yang tinggi di daerah hulu sungai-sungai yang bermuara di Segara Anakan sebagai sumber material yang mengakibatkan sedimetnasi laguna secara sistematis. Sumber pasokan sedimen yang diendapkan di dasar laguna berdasarkan analisis sayatan oles, dan unsur utama mineral diperkirakan merupakan produk vulkanik yang bersifat basa. Hal ini didukung oleh terdapatnya mineral non biogenik seperti mineral kuarsa, mika, oksida besi, oksida mangan yang dijumpai tersebar secara merata, adalah produk vulkanik, berupa tuff. Disamping itu keterdapatan unsur utama mineral seperti SiO2 dengan kisaran 36,6 – 51,4%, kemudian Al2O3 dengan kisaran 13,38 – 24,70% sedangkan Fe2O3 dengan kisaran 8,69 – 30,6%, merupakan mineral khas hasil produk vulkanik yang bersifat basa. Litologi daerah penelitian merupakan produk gunungapi, seperti Formasi Jampang yang tersusun oleh breksi gunungapi tuff dengan sisipan lava, berselingan dengan batupasir, batulempung napal dengan sisipan konglomerat. Formasi Panutuan yang tersusun batupasir, napal dan tuff, Anggota Tuff Napalan formasi Panutuan, dan berada di daerah rendahan sungai Citanduy, Cibeureum, Ciseel beserta anak anak sungainya yang bermuara di Segara Anakan. Kata kunci : sayatan oles, unsur utama, Segara Anakan