AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON NANOPARTICLES ADDITIVE ON SELECTED PROPERTIES OF LUBRICATING OILS

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the influence of the addition of various types of carbon nanoparticles on selected essential physical and operational properties of lubricating oils. Two selected oils, i.e. the mineral base oil without additives and the typical marine lubricating circulating oil Marinol RG 1240, were modified with the addition of shungite nanoparticles, graphite nanotubes, and C60 fullerenes. The mass fraction of modifiers was 0.2% wt for each of the additives. As part of the experimental tests, measurements were made of the impact of the above-mentioned modifiers on the change in the value of the ignition temperature of oils, the effect on the changes in the value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient in the aspect of changes of temperature and shear rate, as well as the impact on the changes in the friction coefficient and the size of the wear size scar. These tests were carried out on an EraFlash automatic apparatus for determining ignition temperature using the closed cup method, with a Haake Mars III research rheometer, and a T-02U tribometer with a four-ball head.

Quantum holonomy based in a Kaluza–Klein description for defects in C60 fullerenes

In this paper, we discuss a new way to get a quantum holonomy around topological defects in [Formula: see text] fullerenes. For this, we use a Kaluza–Klein extra dimension approach. Furthermore, we discuss how an extra dimension could promote the formation of new freedom degrees which would open a discussion about a possible qubits computation.

Protective Effect of Water-Soluble C60 Fullerene Nanoparticles on the Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Muscle Soleus in Rats

The biomechanical parameters of muscle soleus contraction in rats and their blood biochemical indicators after the intramuscular administration of water-soluble C60 fullerene at doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg 1 h before the onset of muscle ischemia were investigated. In particular, changes in the contraction force of the ischemic muscle soleus, the integrated power of the muscle, the time to achieve the maximum force response, the dynamics of fatigue processes, and the parameters of the transition from dentate to smooth tetanus, levels of creatinine, creatine kinase, lactate and lactate dehydrogenase, and parameters of prooxidant–antioxidant balance (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and reduced glutathione and catalase) were analyzed. The positive therapeutic changes in the studied biomechanical and biochemical markers were revealed, which indicate the possibility of using water-soluble C60 fullerenes as effective prophylactic nanoagents to reduce the severity of pathological conditions of the muscular system caused by ischemic damage to skeletal muscles.