Applying the theory of human development by Erik and Joan Erikson when communicating with persons with advanced dementia diseases

Persons with advanced dementia disease (ADD), here labelled PADDs, are shown to preserve parts of their self, which has opened up possibilities for involving them in their own care and establishing strategies for improving their communication with the surrounding world. Using the well-known theory of human development proposed by Erik and Joan Erikson, here labelled EJET, can operate as an efficient structure for formal caregivers to support PADDs in reclaiming their space. However, very few studies have used EJET as a framework in improving formal caregivers’ competence and the quality of care. This article aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying EJET in the care of PADDs through two examples of successful application of this framework in interacting with PADDs in residential care settings. The examples demonstrate the significance of competent caregivers and the important role of tailoring nursing care plans to specific situations of the PADDs in their present and previous developmental phases.

The Phenoxyalkyltriazine Antagonists for 5-HT6 Receptor with Promising Procognitive and Pharmacokinetic Properties In Vivo in Search for a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Dementia Diseases

Among the serotonin receptors, one of the most recently discovered 5-HT6 subtype is an important protein target and its ligands may play a key role in the innovative treatment of cognitive disorders. However, none of its selective ligands have reached the pharmaceutical market yet. Recently, a new chemical class of potent 5-HT6 receptor agents, the 1,3,5-triazine-piperazine derivatives, has been synthesized. Three members, the ortho and meta dichloro- (1,2) and the unsubstituted phenyl (3) derivatives, proved to be of special interest due to their high affinities (1,2) and selectivity (3) toward 5-HT6 receptor.. Thus, a broader pharmacological profile for 1–3, including comprehensive screening of the receptor selectivity and drug-like parameters in vitro as well as both, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in vivo, have been investigated within this study. A comprehensive analysis of the obtained results indicated significant procognitive-like activity together with beneficial drug-likeness in vitro and pharmacokinetics in vivo profiles for both, (RS)-4-[1-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (2) and (RS)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-6-(1-phenoxypropyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine (3), but insensibly predominant for compound 2. Nevertheless, both compounds (2 and 3) seem to be good Central Nervous System drug candidates in search for novel therapeutic approach to dementia diseases, based on the 5-HT6 receptor target.

Precise Discrimination for Multiple Underlying Pathologies of Dementia Cases Based on Deep-Learning with Electroencephalography

Background: Developing accurate and universally available biomarkers for dementia diseases is demanded under world-wide rapid increasing of patients with dementia. Electroencephalogram (EEG) offers promising examinations due to their inexpensiveness, high availability, and sensitiveness to neural functions. EEG applicability can be expanded by deep-learning.Methods: We analyzed EEG signals based on novel deep neural network in healthy volunteers (HV, N=55), patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD, N=101), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, N=75), and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH, N=60) to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of these diseases.Results: High discriminative accuracies were archived between HV and patients with dementia, yielding 81.7 %(vs AD), 93.9% (vs DLB), and 93.1% (vs iNPH).Conclusions: This study revealed that the EEG data of patients with dementia were successfully discriminated from healthy volunteers based on deep learning and could produce a new purpose of EEG measurement in screening for dementia diseases.