Chemoprofiling as Breeding Tool for Pharmaceutical Use of Salix

Willow bark is traditionally used for pharmaceutical purposes. Evaluation is so far based on the salicylate content, however, health promoting effects of extracts might be attributed to the interaction of those salicylates with other compounds, which support and complement their action. So far, only S. purpurea, S. daphnoides, and S. fragilis are included in pharmaceutical extracts. Crossing with other species could result in a more diverse secondary metabolite profile with higher pharmacological value. With the help of targeted inter- and intraspecific crossing, new chemotypes were generated, whereby nine different Salix genotypes (S. alba, S. daphnoides, S. humboldtiana, S. lasiandra, S. nigra, S. pentandra, S. purpurea, S. x rubens, S. viminalis) were included in the study. Based on substances known for their health promoting potential and characteristic for Salix (selected phenolic compounds including salicylates), a targeted metabolomics analysis and clustering of 92 generated Salix clones was performed revealing four different cluster/chemoprofiles. In more specific, one group is formed by S. daphnoides clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids, a second group by S. viminalis clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids, a third group generally formed by S. alba, S. pentandra, S. x rubens, and S. lasiandra clones and hybrids, and a fourth group by S. purpurea clones and inter- and intraspecific hybrids. Clustering on the basis of the selected phenolic compounds can be used for identifying Salix clones with a different compound profile. New combinations of secondary plant metabolites offer the chance to identify Salix crosses with improved effects on human health.

ANALYSIS OF PROMISING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE USE OF GENOME EDITING TECHNOLOGIES IN CATTLE AND PIG INDUSTRY IN TERMS OF SURVIVAL OF YOUNG ANIMALS IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD

Throughout his history, man has selected animals that have the most useful features by carrying out their intraspecific crossing leading to the fixation of these features. Survival in the neonatal period has always remained one of the most important factors in breeding animals, and with the advent of genome editing, through which mutations, often negative for health, appear in the genome, the high survival rate of genetically edited animals becomes a paramount issue.

Cross-compatibility in Intraspecific and Interspecific Hybridization within Lychnis and Intergeneric Hybridization between Lychnis and Silene

Hybridization at intraspecific, interspecific, and intergeneric levels is a well-known breeding strategy to create variations with desirable traits for ornamental flowers. A total of 161 crossing combinations were made on three taxonomic levels, including 12 intraspecific crossing combinations within L. chalcedonica and L. ×haageana, 102 interspecific crossing combinations within Lychnis spp., and 47 intergeneric crossing combinations between Lychnis spp. and Silene spp. Intraspecific crosses showed high cross-compatibility, which yielded mature seeds and progeny plants. Most of the interspecific crossings in genus Lychnis produced limited seed set and germination percentages; however, L. cognate, L. ×arkwrightii, and L. ×haageana showed high cross-compatibility and might be more closely related than other species in Lychnis. As a result of cross-incompatibility, crossing combinations between Lychnis spp. and Silene spp. produced few flowers that set seeds. Significant differences occurred in seed set between crossing combinations and their reciprocal crosses for interspecific and intergeneric crosses. For these hybrids with immature seeds, embryo rescue techniques with immature seed culture would be the only way to produce seedlings.

PERFORMANCE AND HETEROTIC ESTIMATION OF GROWTH IN INTRASPECIFIC CROSSING OF GIANT GOURAMY

Intraspecific crossing of giant gouramy was done to get better hybrid population. This study was conducted to evaluate the hybrid vigour or heterotic value of the hybrids line, especially for growth rate character. Besides that, we want to know the effect of hybridization on performance of phenotypic variability. Two days post hatching age larvae of four populations i.e. Bastar and Blue-saphire strain, F-1 hybrid and F-1 hybrid reciprocal, were used in this experiment. All fish were reared in aquaria for 30 days period in indoor hatchery. The fish were fed with live food such as Moina and Daphnia for the first ten days, followed by Tubifex for the second ten days and finally, commercial feed were given until the end of the study. The collected data were total length, standard length, and body weight of each population. The results showed that the phenotypic variability of the hybrid population was higher than that of inbred population. Hybrid population from female of Bastar and male of Blue-saphire has better growth than both of its parents. Heterotic values of total length, standard length, and body weight of the hybrid population was 9.5%, 2.9%, and 15.6% respectively. Maternal effect was detected in hybrid population.

Chromosome numbers and sexual compatibility in North America of Rorippa sylvestris (Cruciferae)

Tetraploid (2n = 32), pentaploid (2n = 40), and hexaploid (2n = 48) plants of Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser (Cruciferae) and a natural pentaploid (2n = 40) interspecific hybrid, R. sylvestris × R. palustris (L.) Besser, are recorded for North America. These counts are compared with published information on European plants. Tetraploids are most common in Europe (68 vs. 20%), whereas hexaploids are most common in North America (65 vs. 29%). Although self-incompatible R. sylvestris rarely sets seed in nature, indicating that plants within most sites are genetically the same clone, intraspecific crossing data, chromosome information, and field observations indicate that North American R. sylvestris results from the vegetative introduction of many different genotypes.