tree architecture
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Coupel‐Ledru ◽  
Benoît Pallas ◽  
Magalie Delalande ◽  
Vincent Segura ◽  
Baptiste Guitton ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Zhang ◽  
Eric K Wafula ◽  
Jon Eilers ◽  
Alex Harkess ◽  
Paula E Ralph ◽  
...  

The rapid development of sequencing technologies has led to a deeper understanding of horticultural plant genomes. However, experimental evidence connecting genes to important agronomic traits is still lacking in most non-model organisms. For instance, the genetic mechanisms underlying plant architecture are poorly understood in pome fruit trees, creating a major hurdle in developing new cultivars with desirable architecture, such as dwarfing rootstocks in European pear (Pyrus communis). Further, the quality and content of genomes vary widely. Therefore, it can be challenging to curate a list of genes with high-confidence gene models across reference genomes. This is often an important first step towards identifying key genetic factors for important traits. Here we present a draft genome of P. communis 'd'Anjou' and an improved assembly of the latest P. communis 'Bartlett' genome. To study gene families involved in tree architecture in European pear and other rosaceous species, we developed a workflow using a collection of bioinformatic tools towards curation of gene families of interest across genomes. This lays the groundwork for future functional studies in pear tree architecture. Importantly, our workflow can be easily adopted for other plant genomes and gene families of interest.


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Álvaro Montesinos ◽  
Grant Thorp ◽  
Jérôme Grimplet ◽  
María José Rubio-Cabetas

The cropping potential of almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) cultivars is determined by their adaptation to edaphoclimatic and environmental conditions. The effects of scion–rootstock interactions on vigor have a decisive impact on this cropping success. Intensively planted orchards with smaller less vigorous trees present several potential benefits for increasing orchard profitability. While several studies have examined rootstock effects on tree vigor, it is less clear how rootstocks influence more specific aspects of tree architecture. The objective of this current study was to identify which architectural traits of commercially important scion cultivars are influenced by rootstock and which of these traits can be useful as descriptors of rootstock performance in breeding evaluations. To do this, 6 almond cultivars of commercial significance were grafted onto 5 hybrid rootstocks, resulting in 30 combinations that were measured after their second year of growth. We observed that rootstock choice mainly influenced branch production, but the effects were not consistent across the different scion–rootstock combinations evaluated. This lack of consistency in response highlights the importance of the unique interaction between each rootstock and its respective scion genotype.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e01544
Author(s):  
Yagya P. Adhikari ◽  
Samuel Hoffmann ◽  
Ripu M. Kunwar ◽  
Maria Bobrowski ◽  
Anke Jentsch ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
R. Vávra ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Blažek
Keyword(s):  

Trees ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonten Dorji ◽  
Bernhard Schuldt ◽  
Liane Neudam ◽  
Rinzin Dorji ◽  
Kali Middleby ◽  
...  

Abstract Key message Mobile laser scanning and geometrical analysis revealed relationships between tree geometry and seed dispersal mechanism, latitude of origin, as well as growth. Abstract The structure and dynamics of a forest are defined by the architecture and growth patterns of its individual trees. In turn, tree architecture and growth result from the interplay between the genetic building plans and environmental factors. We set out to investigate whether (1) latitudinal adaptations of the crown shape occur due to characteristic solar elevation angles at a species’ origin, (2) architectural differences in trees are related to seed dispersal strategies, and (3) tree architecture relates to tree growth performance. We used mobile laser scanning (MLS) to scan 473 trees and generated three-dimensional data of each tree. Tree architectural complexity was then characterized by fractal analysis using the box-dimension approach along with a topological measure of the top heaviness of a tree. The tree species studied originated from various latitudinal ranges, but were grown in the same environmental settings in the arboretum. We found that trees originating from higher latitudes had significantly less top-heavy geometries than those from lower latitudes. Therefore, to a certain degree, the crown shape of tree species seems to be determined by their original habitat. We also found that tree species with wind-dispersed seeds had a higher structural complexity than those with animal-dispersed seeds (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tree architectural complexity was positively related to the growth performance of the trees (p < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 3D data from MLS in combination with geometrical analysis, including fractal analysis, is a promising tool to investigate tree architecture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Naharuddin Naharuddin

Tree architecture models and the composition of vegetation types affected surface runoff and erosion rates due to vegetation density and various other morphological and ecological characteristic components. This research purpose was to measure and compare the level of erosion in 3 tree architectural models. The research used the  path plots method.  The sample pathway was made by cut off contour lines. To measure the erosion rate that occured at the tree architecture model, erosion measuring plots were used in three tree architecture models, namely Attims (Eucalyptus deglupta), Corner (Arenga pinnata), and Rauh (Arthocarpus teysmanii). The results showed that the dominant tree architecture model was the Rauh, Attims, and Corner models. The erosion level which occurred in the three tree architectural models showed that the Attims Eucalyptus deglupta model and Corner Arenga pinnata models were more effective in controlling erosion by 233.55 g/ha/year and 293.10 g/ha/year with rainfall of 493.55 mm compared to Rauh Arthocarpus teysmanii type. The correlation analysis  between rainfall and the erosion rate at the three tree architecture models were 80% (very strong) for Attims model, 89% (very strong) for Corner model and 90% (very strong) for Rauh model. To control the erosion the Attims and Corner models are highly recommended as alternatives for rehabilitating the critical land.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Akter ◽  
Nariman Niknejad ◽  
Yin Bao ◽  
Rafael Bidese Puhl ◽  
Kitt Payn ◽  
...  

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