Atmospheric Pollutant Analysis and Corrosion Simulation over LPG Transporting Pipelines in Sriperumpudur – Vadakal Industrial Site

An Organization has to abide national safety legislation procedures so as to maintain business moral and workers safety. To ensure this, management has to do the following active monitoring steps like Hazard Identification, detailed Risk Assessment, drafting Safe Work procedure, Supervision and Training to Workers. While doing Risk Assessment the likelihood for the hazard to occur and the intensity of damage it would create should be properly calculated. Along with that, the effectiveness of existing control measure and the recommendations for advanced control measures also to be suggested. In general, incidents are happening mainly due to defect in Safety management, technical Job factor or individual factors. The accidents are happening mainly due to unsafe act or unsafe condition. Unsafe act includes Individual negligent behavior like, not wearing personal protective equipment, not carrying out the task as per the instruction, not carrying out the inspection or preventive maintenance as per the procedure etc., . Unsafe conditions include defective equipment in the work place, improper Housekeeping in the work site etc. In Petrochemical plants, as volatile Hydrocarbon exist in the process area, the chances for fire oriented emergencies are unavoidable if unsafe act or unsafe condition not identified and controlled appropriately. In a crude oil refinery or downstream petrochemical units, mostly flammable substances like Petrol, Diesel, Superior Kerosene, Aviation Turbine Fuels and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) would be the refined products. These products processed in distillation columns, stored in tanks, bullets and transported through pipelines. As this process equipment’s and distribution networks especially Pipeline grids are exposed to atmosphere the natural phenomenon called Atmospheric Corrosion is unavoidable. Atmospheric Corrosion may happen if the atmospheric pollutants interact with humidified air an electrochemical reaction leads to Corrosion. This electrochemical reaction would affect the Pipeline structures very badly results in puncture on pipeline surface leads to flammable substance leakage. To control this corrosion, along with proactive engineering control measure, ambient air quality analysis, corrosion simulation and corrosion monitoring should be done.

Corrosion Rate Assessment over LPG Transporting Pipelines in Korukupet & Manali Industrial Area

In a Crude oil refinery, Atmospheric Distillation Unit (ADU) is one the primary processing unit operation in which many Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), flammable liquids and gases would be separated. Most of these products contain alkane, alkene and alkyne hydrocarbon chemicals which is highly flammable in nature. The top distillate Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) majorly composed of Propane and Butane popularly known as C3-C4 cuts is highly flammable in nature. LPG is one the primary domestic fuel as well as Industrial fuel used in furnaces and for other combustion activities. This LPG would be stored in Bullets which may be hemispherical or spherical. LPG is transported through Seamless Carbon Steel pipelines. As treated LPG is mostly transported either in refinery Unit or LPG Terminals, the likelihood for internal corrosion is very less. But the chances of localized atmospheric external corrosion would be more. The atmospheric pollutants & humidified air electrochemically reacts and forms corrosion over the pipelines. In this paper, LPG terminals which are existing in two most polluted regions in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India have selected. The ambient air quality has analyzed and corrosion simulation has studied.

Investigation of Zirconium Effect on the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy Using Electrochemical Methods and Numerical Simulation in an Acidified Synthetic Sea Salt Solution

Corrosion resistance of Zr that has been added to an Al alloy (U1070) is higher than that of a commercial Al alloy (A1070). A decreasing number and size of Al3Fe intermetallic particles (IMPs) were observed by electron microprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the numerical corrosion simulation, it was confirmed that decreasing the number and size of IMPs was favorable for improving the corrosion resistance of the Al alloy due to the reduction of the galvanic effect. In addition, Al3Zr was found to be insignificant in promoting galvanic corrosion within the Al matrix. Thus, Zr is an advantageous alloying element for improving the corrosion resistance of the Al alloy.