Blockchain-Enabled Intelligent Video Caching and Transcoding in Clustered MEC Networks

In recent years, the number of smart devices has exploded, leading to an unprecedented increase in demand for video live and video-on-demand (VoD) services. Also, the privacy of video providers and requesters and the security of requested video data are much more threatened. In order to solve these issues, in this paper, a blockchain-enabled CMEC video transmission model (Bl-CMEC) for intelligent video caching and transcoding will be proposed to ensure the transactions’ transparency, system security, user information privacy, and integrity of the video data, enhance the ability of severs in actively caching popular video content in the CMEC system, and realize transcoding function at network edge nodes. Furthermore, we chose a scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to intelligently access the intracluster joint caching and transcoding decisions. Then, the joint video caching and transcoding decision smart contract is specially designed to automatically manage the transaction process of the joint caching and transcoding service, which records key information of joint caching and transcoding transactions and payment information on a continuous blockchain. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bl-CMEC framework not only can provide users with better QoE performance for video streaming service but also can ensure the security, integrity, and consistency for the video providers, video requesters, and video data.

Adaptive Streaming Server dengan FFMPEG dan Golang

Quality of experience (QoE) when accessing video streaming becomes a challenge in varieties of network bandwidth/speed. Adaptive streaming becomes an answer to gain good QoE. An architecture system of the adaptive streaming server with Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) was proposed. The system was consists of two services e.g transcoding and streaming. Transcoding service encodes an audio file, multi-bitrates video files, and manifest.mpd files. Streaming service serves client streaming requests that appropriate to client network profiles. The system is built using the Golang programming environment and FFMPEG. Transcoding service has some execution mode (serial and concurrent) and passing mode (1 pass and 2 passes). The transcoding service test results show that concurrent execution is faster 11,5% than the serial execution and transcoding using 1 pass is faster 46,95% than 2 passes but the bitrate of output video lower than the determinate bitrate parameter. The streaming service has a good QoE. In the 5 scenarios, buffer level=0 happens 5 times, and its total duration is 64 seconds. Buffer level=0 happens when extreme changes happen in network speed from fast to too slow.

Using Service Proxies for Content Provisioning

In modern broadband mesh networks, communication between two end nodes is carried out not directly, but through a number of intermediate nodes. While these nodes’ only function may be to relay information from one point to another, they may also host computational elements which perform some service on behalf of other applications. We deal with the problem of optimally mapping multimedia content transcoding service elements onto network resources. There may be several places in the network where the required compression and decompression services could be performed. We would like to select the best locations that meet the application’s requirements. We propose a new approximation algorithm for constrained path optimization, which provides better scalability and simplicity than previous approaches. This is accomplished basically by partitioning the overall problem into smaller ones.