Use of Race in Kidney Research and Medicine

Black Americans and other racially and ethnically minoritized individuals are disproportionately burdened by higher morbidity and mortality from kidney disease when compared to their White peers. Yet kidney researchers and clinicians have struggled to fully explain or rectify causes of these inequalities. Many studies have sought to identify hypothesized genetic and/or ancestral origins of biologic or behavioral deficits as singular explanations for racial and ethnic inequalities in kidney health. However, these approaches reinforce essentialist beliefs that racial groups are inherently biologically and behaviorally different. These approaches also often conflate the complex interactions of individual level biological differences with aggregated population level disparities that are due to structural racism (i.e., sociopolitical policies and practices which created and perpetuate harmful health outcomes through inequities of opportunities and resources). We review foundational misconceptions about race, racism, genetics, and ancestry that shape research and clinical practice with a focus on kidney disease and related health outcomes. We also provide recommendations on how to embed key equity-enhancing concepts, terms, and principles into research, clinical practice, and medical publishing standards.

Dupuis de Fresnel. Appendicitis, perivisceritis and colitis. Translated. from the French Dr. P. M. Alperin, edited by prof. H. N. Burdenko. Library "Medical Practice", State Medical Publishing House. 1929, the price is 90 kopecks

The translation from French of this small book is to be welcomed, as it is devoted to the sore point of the present moment the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis and the analysis of the reasons why some patients continue to complain of pain in the right iliac cavity. Various para-appendicular diseases and their differential diagnosis are analyzed in detail. The position (inclined, head down), in which palpation and fluoroscopy are performed, are the basic methods of researching patients. Only that pain that reaches its maximum in the region of the appendix and does not spread high along the ascending intestine is of diagnostic value, and especially the presence of a painful cord rolling under the fingers.

Morphological and Microscopical Characteristics of Murdannia bracteata (C.B.Clarke) J.K.Morton ex D.Y.Hong

Morphological and microscopical characteristics of “Co ruoi la bac” collected in Nam Dinh province were studied. Results have identified the scientific name of the plant as Murdannia bracteata (family Commelinaceae). Besides, the microscopical characteristics and powder microscopy of leaf and stem of M. bracteata species were established. Specifically, the plant’s leaf and stem are characterized by pale violet corolla, oval bracts and needle shape calcium oxalate crystals converging or single in the soft tissue of the leaf; the herbal powder has twisted vascular grafts, unicellular hairs,… Keywords: Murdannia bracteata, M. bracteata, Murdannia bracteata (C.B.Clarke) J.K.Morton ex D.Y.Hong, Commelinaceae, morphological characteristics, microscopical characteristic References [1] M. D. O. Pellegrini, R. B. Faden, R. F. D. Almeida, Taxonomic Revision of Neotropical Murdannia Royle (Commelinaceae), PhytoKeys, Vol. 74, 2016, pp. 35-78, https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.74.9835.[2] R. B. Faden, K. E. Inman, Leaf Anatomy of The African Genera of Commelinaceae: Anthericopsis and Murdannia, The Biodiversity of African Plants, 1996, pp. 464-471, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0285-558.[3] M. C. Naik, B. R. P. Rao, A New Species of Dewflower Murdannia Sanjappae (Commelinaceae) from Andaman Islands, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, Vol. 9, No. 11, 2017, pp. 10909-10913, http://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3341.9.11.10909-10913.[4] V. V. Chi, Dictionary of Medicinal Plants in Vietnam, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2012 (in Vietnamese).[5] P. H. Ho, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, Youth Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, 2003 (in Vietnamese).[6] M. Betti, A. Minelli, B. Canonico, P. Castaldo, S. Magi, M. Aisa, F. Galli, Antiproliferative Effects of Tocopherols (Vitamin E) on Murine Glioma C6 Cells: Homologue-specific Control of PKC/ERK and Cyclin Signaling, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2006,pp. 464-472, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.04.012.[7] N. N. Thin, Plant Research Methods, Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006 (in Vietnamese).[8] V. D. Loi, L. T. T. Huong, Texbook: Practical Botany - Pharmacognosy - Traditional Medicine, Hanoi National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 2017 (in Vietnamese).

Open Pharma recommendations for plain language summaries of peer-reviewed medical journal publications

Plain language summaries of peer-reviewed publications are intended for everyone engaging with medical research, such as patients, patient advocates, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. These summaries encourage discussions around medical research and aid fully informed and shared decision-making. The broad range of stakeholders involved in pharmaceutical research now puts the pharmaceutical industry in a unique position to make the medical publishing model more open. We believe that the next step of openness is to create a more accessible and inclusive environment through the routine development of plain language summaries of peer-reviewed medical journal publications.There are many formats of plain language summaries, but plain text is the most discoverable through indexing in directories such as PubMed. Standardizing the minimum steps for the development and sharing of index-friendly plain language summaries can help promote the quality and credibility of these lay communications. The aim of a minimum standard is to build a universal foundation that encourages the accessibility, discoverability, and inclusivity of plain language summaries. This standard can then serve as a basis for summaries written for a more specific target audience or that include graphically and digitally enhanced formats that increase understanding and engagement, which we strongly encourage.

Morphological and Microscopical Characteristics of Oxalis corniculata L.

Morphological and microscopical characteristics of “Chua me dat hoa vang” collected in Ha Tinh province were studied. Results have identified the scientific name of the plant as Oxalis corniculata L. (family Oxalidaceae). Besides, the morphological characteristics and powder microscopy of leaf and stem of Oxalis corniculata L. species were established. Morphological characteristics of leaf and stem are pale yellow corolla, slightly pointed bracts and cube calcium oxalate crystals scattered in the soft tissue of the leaf. characteristics of herbal powder are twisted vascular grafts, hairs unicellular. Keywords Oxalis corniculata, Oxalis corniculata L., Oxalis, Oxalidaceae, morphological characteristics, microscopical characteristics. References [1] D.H. Bich, D.Q. Chung, B.X. Chuong, N.T. Dong, D.T. Dam, P.V. Hien, V.N. Lo, P.D. Mai, P.K. Man, D.T. Nhu, N. Tap, T. Toan, Medicinal plants and animals in Vietnam, Volume I, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004. (in Vietnamese)[2] M. Ibrahim, I. Hussain, M. Imran, N. Hussain, A. Hussain, T. Mahboob, Corniculatin A, a new flavonoidal glucoside from Oxalis corniculata, Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23(4) (2013) 630-634. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102- https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102695X2013005000059.[3] K.C. Oberlander, E. Emshwiller, D.U. Bellstedt, L.L. Dreyer, A model of bulb evolution in the eudicot genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51(1) (2009) 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.11.022.[4] J. Zietsman, L.L. Dreyer, B. Jansen, V. Vuuren, Genetic differentiation in Oxalis (Oxalidaceae): A tale of rarity and abundance in the Cape Floristic Region, South African Journal of Botany, 75(1) (2009) 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.06.003[5] L.D. Bich, Good folk remedies, Ethnic Culture Publishing House, Hanoi, 2000 (in Vietnamese).[6] L.D. Bich, T.V. On, Botany, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[7] D.T. Loi, Vietnamese medicinal plants and herbs, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005 (in Vietnamese).[8] N.V. Than, Laboratory of Medicinal Materials by microscopic method, Science and Technology Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003 (in Vietnamese).

Evaluation of Contraindicated Drug-Drug Interactions in Electronic Health Data Insurance at 3 Hospitals in Quang Ninh Province Through Navicat Software

Drug-drug interactions is a frequently encountered issue in clinical practice, reduce effectiveness of treatment and lead to dangerous complications for the patients, possibly even death. The purpose of this study is to analyze contraindicated drug interactions when prescribing in some hospitals in Quang Ninh Province. Subjects and methods: List of concentrated contractor drugs applied Quang Ninh province and within the scope of payment of Health Insurance Fund in 2018. The result: the group of researchers developed the list of 112 pairs of the cotraindicated drug-drug interactions to serve as a reference to determine the appearing frequency of contraindicated drug-drug interactions over 519500 medical records and 1254099 prescriptions at 3 hospitals in Quang Ninh province. Of which, 26 contraindicated drug-drug interactions (0.006%) was found over 297 medical records and 789 prescriptions. 5 pairs with the most appearing frequency are: Amiodarone-Amitriptyline, Amiodarone-Moxifloxacin, Amiodarone-Colchicine, Levodopa -Sulpiride, Amiodarone-Haloperidol. Medical reccords with contraindicated drug-drug interactions were found in 13 different departments or interdisciplinary deparments from all 3 hospitals, of which the highest rates were found in Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Departments (24.2%), Endocrinology Departments (16.2%) and Cardiology Pediatric Departments (10.4%). The average age of patients with contraindicated drug-drug interactions in all 3 hospitals was greater than or equal to 67, most are inpatients. Conclusion: Based on retrospective data on drug prescribing at 3 hospitals in Quang Ninh Province, the study analyzed 26 pairs of common contraindicated drug interactions in clinical practice. Keywords Contraindicated drug-drug interactions, hospitals in Quang Ninh Province, medication review tools. References [1] D.C. Malone, J. Abarca, P.D. Hansten, A.J. Grizzle, E.P. Armstrong, R.C.V Bergen, B.S. Duncan-Edgar, S.L. Solomon, R.B. Lipton, Indentification of Serious Drug-Drug Interactions: Results of the Partnership to Prevent Drug-Drug Interactions, J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 44 (2004) 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1331/154434504773062591.[2] P. Vonbachl, A. Dubied, S. Kra¨henbu¨hl, J.H.Beer, Evaluation of frequently used drug interaction screening programs, Pharm. World. Sci. 30 (2008) 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-008-9191-x.[3] N.T. Hanh, V.T.P. Thao, H.Q. Tuan, N.X. Bach, N. T. Hai, Developing a list of important drug-drug interactions in the clinical practice in the internal department – Kien An Hospital, Hai Phong City, VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 35(2) (2019) 54-67. https://doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4179.[4] L.H. Duong, Developing clinically signification drug-drug interactions at Hop Luc General Hospital (2017), Specialist Pharmacist Graduation thesis – 1st Class, Ha Noi University of Pharmacy (in Vietnamese).[5] L.T. Phuong, Managing clinically signification drug-drug interactions at the National Geriatric Hospital (2018), Pharmacist Graduation thesis, Ha Noi University of Pharmacy (in Vietnamese).[6] T.T. Hoai, Examining drug-drug interactions in the inpatient medical records at the Thai Nguyen Lung Hospital (2017), Specialist Pharmacist Graduation thesis – 1st Class, Ha Noi University of Pharmacy (in Vietnamese).[7] Ministry of Health, Vietnam Regulatory Affairs Society, Medical Publishing House one member Company Limited, Vietnam, 2015 (in Vietnamese).[8] A.P. Heverton, R.L.P Leonardo, M.V Carlos, F.F.C. Maria, Patient’s lack of understanding producing insulin drug-interactions in Southeast Brazilian primary care clinics, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 3(2) (2019) 1131-1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.032