A comprehensive study on battery electric modeling approaches based on machine learning

Battery electric modeling is a central aspect to improve the battery development process as well as to monitor battery system behavior. Besides conventional physical models, machine learning methods show great potential to learn this task using in-vehicle data. However, the performance of data-driven approaches differs significantly depending on their application and utilized data set. Hence, a comparison among these methods is required beforehand to select the optimal candidate for a given task.In this work, we address this problem and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a wide range of possible machine learning approaches for battery electric modeling. In a comprehensive study, various conventional regression methods and neural networks are analyzed. Each method is trained and optimized based on a large and qualitative data set of automotive driving profiles. In order to account for the influence of time-dependent battery processes, both low pass filters and sliding window approaches are investigated.As a result, neural networks are found to be superior compared to conventional regression methods in terms of accuracy and model complexity. In particular, Feedforward and Convolutional Neural Networks provide the smallest average error deviations of around 0.16%, which corresponds to an RMSE of 5.57mV on battery cell level. With automotive time series data as focus, neural networks additionally benefit from their ability to learn continuously. This key capability keeps the battery models updated at low computational costs and accounts for changing electrical behavior as the battery ages during operation.

Electric Vehicle Inverter Electro-Thermal Models Oriented to Simulation Speed and Accuracy Multi-Objective Targets

With the increasing demand for electric vehicles, the requirements of the market are changing ever faster. Therefore, there is a need to improve the electric car’s design time, where simulations could be an appropriate tool for this task. In this paper, the modeling and simulation of an inverter for an electric vehicle are presented. Four different modeling approaches are proposed, depending on the required simulation speed and accuracy in each case. In addition, these models can provide up to 150 different electric modeling and three different thermal modeling variants. Therefore, in total, there were 450 different electrical and thermal variants. These variants are easily selectable and usable and offer different options to calculate the electrical parameters of the inverter. Finally, the speed and accuracy of the different models were compared and the obtained results presented.

MODELAGEM ELÉTRICA DOS TUBOS DE RAIOS-X UTILIZADOS EM SISTEMAS DE FLUOROSCOPIA COM O OBJETIVO DE MINIMIZAR A RADIAÇÃO TRANSMITIDA AO PACIENTE

<p><em>A finalidade deste artigo foi demonstrar os processos e parâmetros e que são necessários para o funcionamento do tudo de raios-X na utilização em técnica de fluoroscopia, abordou-se a parte construtiva do Gerador de alta tensão e do tubo de raios-X e a forma de como ocorre a liberação dos raios-X que incide ao paciente durante o exame, a condição de como a corrente e a diferença de potencial geram os raios-X que incide ao paciente durante o procedimento e o que uma exposição desnecessária a tais raios pode ser prejudicial em quantidades que não agregam imagem ao exame, desta forma criou-se uma proposta de modelagem elétrica de um tubo de raios-X em que abordou uma alternativa para minimizar a radiação que atravessa ao paciente sem a geração de imagem útil</em>.</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><pre><em>The purpose of this article was to demonstrate the processes and parameters that are necessary for the operation of all X-rays in the use in fluoroscopy technique, the constructive part of the High Voltage Generator and the X-ray tube and the How the X-ray release occurs to the patient during the examination, the condition of how the current and potential difference generates the X-rays incident to the patient during the procedure and what unnecessary exposure to such rays May be detrimental in amounts that do not add an image to the examination. In this way, a proposal was made for the electric modeling of an X-ray tube, in which it addressed an alternative to minimize the radiation that passes through the patient without generating useful images.</em></pre>