Diversity of Biofilm-Forming Bacteria in Chinnamuttom Harbor of Southeast India

Biofilms are species rich, partially due to highly effective powers of diffusion of the microorganisms and have wide tolerance to marine environmental conditions. Characteristically, the first organisms to respond to and convalesce from stress. The present study aims to isolate and identify the biofilm forming bacterial species, collected from surface water and substratum of the ship hull for four seasons at Chinnamuttom fishing harbor, Southeast coast of India, during June 2015 to May 2016. Among the mean concentration of bacterial isolates of both water and substratum of the station, maximum in monsoon and minimum in summer seasons. Totally 16 isolates were obtained, based on the adherence property, 8 isolates from surface water and 8 isolates from substratum of the ship hull. The samples were plated on Zobell marine agar medium for bacterial isolates of study area. The isolates of Bacillus sp., Flavobacterium sp., Pseudomonas sp., Aeromonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Shegella sp., Klebsiella sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Chromohalobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli and Bacilus sp. were reported in all the seasons at study area. The major diverse bacterial isolates were further characterized through morphological and molecular identification. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Biofilm bacterial isolates were confirmed as Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas sp.

SHAFT LOADS ON AZIMUTH PROPULSORS IN OBLIQUE FLOW AND WAVES

A range of model experiments have been carried out in calm water and waves for an oil spill vessel model with twin tractor azimuth thrusters at different heading angles and advance coefficients in the large towing tank at the Marine Technology Centre in Trondheim, Norway. Propeller shaft bending loads have been measured using a shaft dynamometer capable of measuring all shaft side force and bending moment components as well as propeller torque and thrust. The results include the loads on the propeller shaft with and without the presence of a ship hull model at the same heading angles and advance velocities in order to study the wake influence from the ship hull on the hydrodynamic loads. Results show that the ship hull wake has a much stronger effect on the propeller loads when the propeller is azimuthed outward from the ship hull centreline than inward. Measurements from the experiments in waves are also presented for the same thruster model in a straight-line course for both the head and following sea states under different wave conditions. Larger bending loads are found in head sea conditions compared with the following sea conditions. Generally it is found that the shaft bending loads and lateral forces are quite large, which is important to consider in the mechanical design layout and for dimensioning of components.

AN INTEGRATED SHIP RE-DESIGN/MODIFICATION STRATEGY

Herein, we present an integrated ship re-design/modification strategy that integrates the ‘Computer-Aided Design (CAD)’ and ‘Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)’ to modify the ship hull form for better performance in resistance. We assume a modular design and the ship hull form modification focuses on the forward module (e.g. bulbous bow) and aft module (e.g. stern bulb) only. The ship hull form CAD model is implemented with NAPA*TM and CFD model is implemented with Shipflow**TM. The basic ship hull form parameters are not changed and the modifications in some of the technical parameters because of re-designed bulbous bow and stern bulb are kept at very minimum. The bulbous bow is re-designed by extending an earlier method (Sharma and Sha (2005b)) and stern bulb parameters for re-design are computed from the experience gained from literature survey. The re-designed hull form is modeled in CAD and is integrated and analyzed with Shipflow**TM. The CAD and CFD integrated model is validated and verified with the ITTC approved recommendations and guidelines. The proposed numerical methodology is implemented on the ship hull form modification of a benchmark ship, i.e. KRISO container ship (KCS). The presented results show that the modified ship hull form of KCS - with only bow and stern modifications - using the present strategy, results into resistance and propulsive improvement.

MANAGING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH BETWEEN ACADEMICS, INDUSTRIES, AND POLICY MAKERS IN UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF BIOFOULING IN SHIP HULL TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS

This report documents a large scale joint research project with the aim of improving the efficiency of ship operations and management by providing a methodology and technology that can quantify the emission and fuel usage penalty due to bio-fouling on ship hull. This can be obtained through better understanding of turbulent boundary layer flows over rough surfaces that cause skin friction drag. Here six different institutions from four countries (Australia, Denmark, Indonesia, and UK) that consist of universities, a passenger ship company, a manufacturer of anti-fouling coatings, and the Indonesian Classification Society are formed. They represent three fields, namely: academic, industrial, and an independent party that supports policy makers. Each of them has different objectives and interests that are interconnected. The research collaboration uses an in-situ laser-based measurement technique of the water flow over the hull of an operating ship combined with under-water image-based surface scanning techniques. The shipboard experiments are accompanied by detailed laboratory experiments to provide further validation. This paper will discuss the importance and challenges of managing such collaboration and the significance of satisfying individual objectives from each three fields in order to achieve the overarching aim.

A digital twin of the ship hull, purpose and main principles of development

Object and purpose of research. The object under study is ship hulls. The purpose is formulation of the digital twin (DT) objective for the ship hull and approach to its development. Materials and methods. Existing methods of developing digital models and systems of strength, vibration, and stability are used. Main results. The objective of DT is formulated and the approach to its development is presented, which states the main principles of development. Conclusions. Application of ship hull DT will increase the economic efficiency, operational safety and reliability of ship hulls.

An Analytical Study of Ship Hull Insurance in the Liquidity and Profitability of the National Insurance Company

The sea is of paramount importance in the life of man and peoples. Since ancient times, it has represented a tool for communication between nations, a link for civilizational meeting between them, and a source of sustenance. Man’s need and interest in exploiting this wealth moves his curiosity and ambitions to think and search for means that contribute and help in expanding the scope of maritime exploitation and consolidating relations between countries more and more. The maritime field was among the important areas touched by industrial and technological development, especially in the field of maritime transport, which led to the emergence of giant ships capable of embarking on sea voyages and thus moving foreign trade in a positive way. The aim of the research is to know the extent to which ship hull insurance is related to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company, and where the main research problem is manifested in the extent to which ship hull insurance is linked to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company. Only the research relied on the questionnaire as a tool for all data and information from the sample of 64 and those who have responsibility are (General Director, Department Director, Division Officer, Unit Officer) and the statistical program was used spss 21 in the calculation standard deviation, simple linear regression, testF ) R² (. The conclusions reached by the research are the evaluation of the degree of risk surrounding the ship and the evaluation of the degree of classification in the classification record is based on which the insurance price for the structures of marine vessels is determined, which shows that the degree of risk varies up and down according to the type of ship, origin, shipping lines, and the experience of the crew and the master. The results of the study also showed the existence of a strong correlation between the liquidity variable and profitability in the respondents' response to the research sample in the National Insurance Company, as there is no profitability without the presence of liquidity and good liquidity expresses the company's ability to meet the payment of its obligations. (*) An extracted thesis, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a higher diploma equivalent to a master’s degree. There are also a number of recommendations, including; Adoption of a unified plan for all insurance branches. To measure the liquidity risk in order to ensure that the company is protected from bankruptcy or its exit from the insurance market in the event of a financial crisis again.