An Analytical Study of Ship Hull Insurance in the Liquidity and Profitability of the National Insurance Company

The sea is of paramount importance in the life of man and peoples. Since ancient times, it has represented a tool for communication between nations, a link for civilizational meeting between them, and a source of sustenance. Man’s need and interest in exploiting this wealth moves his curiosity and ambitions to think and search for means that contribute and help in expanding the scope of maritime exploitation and consolidating relations between countries more and more. The maritime field was among the important areas touched by industrial and technological development, especially in the field of maritime transport, which led to the emergence of giant ships capable of embarking on sea voyages and thus moving foreign trade in a positive way. The aim of the research is to know the extent to which ship hull insurance is related to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company, and where the main research problem is manifested in the extent to which ship hull insurance is linked to the liquidity and profitability of the National Insurance Company. Only the research relied on the questionnaire as a tool for all data and information from the sample of 64 and those who have responsibility are (General Director, Department Director, Division Officer, Unit Officer) and the statistical program was used spss 21 in the calculation standard deviation, simple linear regression, testF ) R² (. The conclusions reached by the research are the evaluation of the degree of risk surrounding the ship and the evaluation of the degree of classification in the classification record is based on which the insurance price for the structures of marine vessels is determined, which shows that the degree of risk varies up and down according to the type of ship, origin, shipping lines, and the experience of the crew and the master. The results of the study also showed the existence of a strong correlation between the liquidity variable and profitability in the respondents' response to the research sample in the National Insurance Company, as there is no profitability without the presence of liquidity and good liquidity expresses the company's ability to meet the payment of its obligations. (*) An extracted thesis, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a higher diploma equivalent to a master’s degree. There are also a number of recommendations, including; Adoption of a unified plan for all insurance branches. To measure the liquidity risk in order to ensure that the company is protected from bankruptcy or its exit from the insurance market in the event of a financial crisis again.

THE EFFECT OF INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP IN OPEN INNOVATION STRATEGIES

The current research aims through its chapters to test the effect of inclusive leadership as an independent variable in open innovation strategies as a responsive variable in the office of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, as well as to identify the levels of its availability and employ them to be more appropriate to the reality of the current conditions of the ministry in the field of research and what is required of it in light of the turbulent regulatory environment In Iraq, and based on the importance of the research topic and the great importance in which these variables were given, especially for public organizations and the interpretation of the relationships and ties between them, and the analytical approach was adopted in the completion of this research, and data were collected from (150) respondents represented by an intentional sample of (general director, assistant general manager, department director and division official) working in the ministry, and data was collected using the questionnaire and with the help of field visits and personal interviews with a number of the sample researched, and the data was analyzed through a set of statistical programs (Amos, Spss, Excel), and the results showed the validity of the assumptions of correlation relationships. And the impact on the level of the main variables (inclusive leadership, open innovation strategies) and sub-dimensions were significant, and the inclusive leadership has an active and essential role in adopting open innovation strategies.

A collaborative process for a program redesign for education in evidence-based health care

Objective: We outline the framework of a collaborative process to redesign an existing 5-year health education program, which may prove useful to other similar institutions. The aim was to strengthen evidence-based practice and curriculum alignment. Methods: A whole-of-program approach was used to restructure the existing courses into 3 “streams”: professional practice, clinical research, and clinical science. The process incorporated a series of facilitated workshops organized by the department director of learning and teaching and the faculty facilitation team, and it was inclusive of all available members of the department, a clinic supervisor, a sessional (casual teaching) staff member, and a recent graduate of the program. Results: Unit content and assessments were restructured to progress the program learning outcomes from year to year. The undergraduate program was redesigned to create a more logical learning pathway for students. Consolidation of subject topics in the postgraduate program allowed for the development of stand-alone research-only units. Conclusion: The mechanism of curriculum mapping allowed for discussion about the flow of information from year to year and how evidenced knowledge and understanding can be developed. It is necessary that everyone participates and understands the importance of program goals as developed by the process. Because drift in curriculum can occur incrementally over the years, to be effective, the program requires ongoing monitoring and regular collaboration to continue improvements.

Eksamens mange roller i sertifisering, styring og støtte av læring og undervisning i norsk grunnopplæring

Hvilke roller har eksamen i norsk grunnopplæring? I Forskrift til opplæringslova framgår det blant annet at eksamenskarakteren skal fastsette kompetansen til eleven ved slutten av opplæringen i faget. Denne artikkelen viser imidlertid at policydokumenter og policyutviklere har en rekke forventninger til hva man skal oppnå ved å ha eksamen og hva man skal kunne benytte eksamensresultater til. I et samspill mellom teori og empiri identifiser artikkelen tre roller for vurdering: å sertifisere, styre og støtte læring og undervisning. Dette begrepsapparatet brukes til å analysere både eksamens formelt definerte formål, og tilsiktede og utilsiktede funksjoner ved eksamenssystemet. Artikkelen baserer seg på tre typer historiske data: (i) Stortingsmeldinger, (ii) Utdanningsdirektoratets årlige rapporter, Utdanningsspeilet, samt (iii) ekspertintervjuer gjennomført i 2013 med en statssekretær og en seniorrådgiver i Kunnskapsdepartementet, og direktøren og en avdelingsdirektør i Utdanningsdirektoratet. I tillegg er det gjort en analyse av gjeldende bestemmelser, slik de kommer til uttrykk i Forskrift til opplæringslova og Rammeverket for eksamen av 2017. Artikkelen avdekker manglende avklaringer av eksamens formål og peker på at dette kan føre til at politikere og andre policyutviklere forvalter og videreutvikler eksamenssystemet på sviktende grunnlag. Videre kan det føre til at Utdanningsdirektoratet, Fylkesmannen og andre tilsynsmyndigheter, skoleeiere, skoleledere, lærere, foreldre og elever bruker eksamensdata på uheldige måter. Artikkelen konkluderer med at lovverk, forskrift og rammeverk for eksamen bør gjennomgås og endres til eksplisitt å uttrykke de rollene eksamen skal fylle og ikke. Slik kan man få et bedre utgangspunkt for å utvikle eksamensprøver og sikre hensiktsmessig bruk av eksamensresultater både nasjonalt og lokalt.Nøkkelord: eksamen, standpunkt, vurdering, policy, karakterer, formål.The multiple roles of national exams in the certification, governing and support of learning and instruction in Norwegian secondary education.AbstractWhat are the roles of the national exams in the Norwegian school system? The regulations of the Education Act simply state that exam marks should reflect the student’s competency upon completing the education. This article demonstrates that policy documents and policy-makers express a range of expectations in the use of exam results. By integrating theoretical and empirical encounters, the article identifies three roles of educational assessment: to certify, govern and support learning and instruction. This conceptual framework is used to analyse the formally defined purposes of the exams and intended and unintended functions of the examination system. The article is based on three types of historical data: (i) Ministry reports to the Parliament («white papers»), (ii) the annual report of the National Agency for Education and Training («The Education Mirror») and (iii) expert interviews undertaken in 2013 with a state secretary and a government official in the Ministry of Education and Research, and the general director and department director of the National Agency for Education and Training. Additionally, it analyses current regulations of the Education Act and the «The Examination Framework» of 2017. The article illuminates that clarification of the purposes of the exams is insufficient and maintains that this may lead politicians and other policymakers to undertake insufficient approaches to the administration and development of the examination system. Further, it can cause inappropriate use of examination data by the executive agency, school inspectors, municipalities, school leaders, teachers, parents and students. The article concludes that legislation, regulations and the Examination Framework should be reviewed and changed to explicitly state the roles the examination system is expected to fulfil. This way, one may achieve a better foundation for the development of exams and facilitate sound use of exam data both nationally and locally.Keywords: examinations, teacher judgments, assessment, policy, grades, purposes