Synthesis of Symmetrical Acetophenone Azine Derivatives as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Cyanide Chemosensors

Cyanide is a highly toxic anion and poison to the environment. Therefore, fast, effective, and efficient analysis methods to detect cyanide are needed. Herein, symmetrical chemosensor of 2’-hydroxy acetophenone azine (1) and 2’,4’-dihydroxy acetophenone azine (2) has been synthesized tested as colorimetric and fluorescent cyanide chemosensor. The azines were produced from the condensation of acetophenone derivatives with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol under reflux or ultrasonic irradiation methods. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor tests showed selectivity to acetate and cyanide anions in DMSO. The limit of detection (LOD) for colorimetric measurement of cyanide anion was 9.68×10–4 M for compound (1) and 9.63×10–5 M for compound (2), while the fluorescent method showed 15.90×10–4 M for compound (1) and 8.95×10–5 M for compound (2), respectively. In addition, test paper-strips containing sensor 2 indicated noticeable results for 'naked eye' detection of cyanide in an aqueous medium.

Sintesis dan Uji Aktivitas Senyawa 2-bromo-4,5-dimetoksikalkon Terhadap Sel Kanker T47D Secara In Vitro

<p class="Default">Synthesis of chalcone derivated has been synthhesized, structurally determined, and the in vitro cytotoxic activityof HeLa cell was evaluated. A novel 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of acetophenone with 6-bromoveratraldehyde. The synthesis of chalcone was carried out by reflux condition (65°C) for 24 hours using ethanol as a solvent and NaOH as a catalyst. The results showed that these coumpoun produced 81% in yield. The purity of synthesized product was determined by Thin Layer Chromatography. Structure identification was performed by FT-IR and ¹H dan ¹³C-NMR spectrometer. In vitro activity test indicated that 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxychalcone was not active for inhibiting the growth of T47D with IC₅₀ value more than 100 µg/mL.<em></em></p>

The aldol condensation of acetophenone with acetone

The kinetics and equilibria involved in the aldol condensation of acetophenone, acting as carbon acid, and acetone have been studied in aqueous alkaline solution. The reactions are all first order in hydroxide, with rate and equilibrium constants (defined for enone as initial compound) of: k12 = 3.3 × 10−4 M−1 s−1, k21 = 3.2 × 10−5 M−1 s−1K12 = 10.2, k23 = 8.0 × 10−2 M−1 s−1, k32 = 3.3 × 10−4 M−2 s−1, K32 = 4.1 × 10−3 M−1. The series methylbutenal, mesityl oxide, and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-buten-1-one can now be compared with regard to regularities and deviations from regularity. The related series cinnamaldehyde, benzalacetone, and chalcone also provides insights into the behaviour of this system. Key words: aldol, dehydration, equilibrium, acetophenone, acetone.