A Körös-vidék nyílt sziki tölgyesei (Galatello-Quercetum roboris Zólyomi et Tallós 1967)

Jelen tanulmány a Magyarország délkeleti részén fekvő Körös-vidék nyílt sziki tölgyeseinek (Galatello-Quercetum roboris) társulási viszonyait mutatja be 25 cönológiai felvétel alapján. A tölgy-kőris-szil ligetek (Fraxino pannonicae-Ulmetum) fokozatos kiszáradásával előbb zárt sziki tölgyesek (Melico altissimae-Quercetum roboris), majd a szikesedési folyamat további előrehaladtával nyílt sziki tölgyesek (Galatello-Quercetum roboris) jönnek létre. Az átalakulási folyamat során a Fagetalia és az Alnion incanae jellegű fajok erősen megritkulnak, majd a Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae és az Aceri tatarici-Quercion elemek elszaporodnak. A talaj további szárazodásával és a lombkoronaszint megritkulásával párhuzamosan elszaporodnak a száraz gyepek (Festuco-Bromea) elemei, majd a szikesedés folyamán sótűrő növények (Puccinellio-Salicornea s. l.) is megjelennek: Artemisia pontica, A. santonicum, Aster sedifolius, Juncus gerardii, Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum, Peucedanum officinale, Podospermum canum, Rumex pseudonatronatus. Az asszociáció a szüntaxonómiai rendszer Aceri tatarici-Quercion Zólyomi et Jakucs 1957 csoportján belül az Aceri tatarici-Quercenion roboris Kevey 2008 alcsoportba helyezhető.

Taxonomical and chorological notes 10 (98–110)

The present part of the series provides new records of locally introduced native species in Hungary (Apium repens, Crypsis schoenoides, Limonium gmelinii, Rumex confertus, Sagina apetala). The spread of Crypsis schoenoides and Limonium gmelinii on roadsides is due to winter salting of roads, whereas the appearance of Apium repens and Sagina apetala is likely the consequence of the use of soil or peat material containing their seeds. The reports of Knautia dipsacifolia from the northern part of the Great Hungarian Plain and Spiraea crenata from the Hungarian–Romanian–Ukrainian border region is ascertained here concluding that the report of the first taxon was based on a misidentifi cation of K. drymeia, whereas the record of Spiraea crenata is a consequence of mislocation. New records of two spreading aliens (Eragrostis virescens, Sporobolus vaginifl orus) are discussed here along with a herbarium revision of Eragrostis, which showed that all previous Hungarian records of Eragrostis parvifl ora refer to E. virescens. Further species discussed in the paper escaped from cultivation (Asparagus verticillatus, Euphorbia characias, Nassella tenuissima, the latter two new for the country). The first record of the sedge hybrid Carex ×leutzii in Hungary is also presented.

Rhizobacterial communities of five co-occurring desert halophytes

BackgroundRecently, researches have begun to investigate the microbial communities associated with halophytes. Both rhizobacterial community composition and the environmental drivers of community assembly have been addressed. However, few studies have explored the structure of rhizobacterial communities associated with halophytic plants that are co-occurring in arid, salinized areas.MethodsFive halophytes were selected for study: these co-occurred in saline soils in the Ebinur Lake Nature Reserve, located at the western margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China. Halophyte-associated bacterial communities were sampled, and the bacterial 16S rDNA V3–V4 region amplified and sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform. The bacterial community diversity and structure were compared between the rhizosphere and bulk soils, as well as among the rhizosphere samples. The effects of plant species identity and soil properties on the bacterial communities were also analyzed.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities. Diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soils. Abundant taxonomic groups (from phylum to genus) in the rhizosphere were much more diverse than in bulk soils. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes were the most abundant phyla in the rhizosphere, while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were common in bulk soils. Overall, the bacterial community composition were not significantly differentiated between the bulk soils of the five plants, but community diversity and structure differed significantly in the rhizosphere. The diversity ofHalostachys caspica,Halocnemum strobilaceumandKalidium foliatumassociated bacterial communities was lower than that ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicumcommunities. Furthermore, the composition of the bacterial communities ofHalostachys caspicaandHalocnemum strobilaceumwas very different from those ofLimonium gmeliniiandLycium ruthenicum. The diversity and community structure were influenced by soil EC, pH and nutrient content (TOC, SOM, TON and AP); of these, the effects of EC on bacterial community composition were less important than those of soil nutrients.DiscussionHalophytic plant species played an important role in shaping associated rhizosphere bacterial communities. When salinity levels were constant, soil nutrients emerged as key factors structuring bacterial communities, while EC played only a minor role. Pairwise differences among the rhizobacterial communities associated with different plant species were not significant, despite some evidence of differentiation. Further studies involving more halophyte species, and individuals per species, are necessary to elucidate plant species identity effects on the rhizosphere for co-occurring halophytes.

Hepatoprotective Action of Phytopreparation from Limonium gmelinii

<em></em>Effects of phytopreparation from a plant of <em>Limonium gmelinii</em> were studied on livers of white breedless rats at chronic impact of cadmium sulfate and carbon tetrachloride. It was established the administration of cadmium sulfate during six months caused chronic hepatitis, while the simultaneous administration of preparation from <em>Limonium gmelinii</em> and cadmium sulfate did not result of destructive changes in a liver. Chronic intoxication of the animals by carbon tetrachloride during six months caused progressive postnecrotic cirrhosis. The simultaneous administration of phytopreparation and carbon tetrachloride caused postnecrotic fibrosis in the central part of hepatic lobule only. Not only dystrophic and necrobiotic processes also numerous inflammatory cell infiltrates were observed in hepatic parenchyma of animals which were treated by cadmium sulfate and carbon tetrachloride, while it was not observed at animals which were medicated with phytopreparation. Thus, on the basis of the data was concluded about hepatoprotective action of phytopreparation from<em> Limonium gmelinii</em>.