Effects of Cadmium Sulfate on the Brown Garden Snail Cornu aspersum: Implications for DNA Methylation

An extensive literature exists regarding the cellular, physiological, and genetic effects of cadmium (Cd)—A highly toxic, but commonly used trace metal in modern industry. However, limited data are available on its epigenetic effects, especially for terrestrial sentinel invertebrates. We determined Cd retention, total DNA methylation, and the methylation status of 5′ end of the Cd-MT gene in the hepatopancreas of the brown garden snail, Cornu aspersum, fed Cd sulfate for four weeks. Bodyweight changes and survival were also measured. Hepatopancreas cadmium increased in a dose-dependent manner from the third-lowest dose onward, with very large amounts being found for the highest treatment group. However, no mortalities occurred, irrespective of dietary Cd dose. We identified significant genome-wide hypermethylation in specimens given the highest dose, which overlapped with a significant bodyweight decrease. The Cd-MT gene showed an unmethylated 5′ end of the Cd-MT gene and this status was not affected by cadmium exposure. Hepatopancreas DNA methylation is as sensitive as bodyweight to non-lethal concentrations of dietary Cd given as cadmium sulfate but less responsive than tissue accumulation. Such an exposure event, by contrast, does not affect the methylation status of the Cd-MT gene 5′ end.

Effect of concentration of cadmium sulfate solution on structural, optical and electric properties of Cd1–x Zn x S thin films

Cd1– x Zn x S thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film. The SEM results show that the thin film surfaces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity. The distribution diagrams of thin film elements illustrate the film growth rate changes on the trend of the increase, decrease, and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration. XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is the hexagonal phase, and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M. Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value E g can be expressed by the equation E g(x) = 0.59x 2 + 0.69x + 2.43. Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap, and the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration, however, all of them have good transmittance. At a concentration of 0.005 M, the thin film has good absorbance in the 300–800 nm range, 80% transmittance, and band gap value of 3.24 eV, which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells.

Mechanosynthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Fe, Zn, and Cd-Doped P-Type Tetrahedrite: Cu12-xMxSb4S13

This contribution deals with the mechanochemical synthesis, characterization, and thermoelectric properties of tetrahedrite-based materials, Cu12-xMxSb4S13 (M = Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+; x = 0, 1.5, 2). High-energy mechanical milling allows obtaining pristine and substituted tetrahedrites, after short milling under ambient conditions, of stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding commercially available binary sulfides, i.e., Cu2S, CuS, Sb2S3, and MS (M = Fe2+, Zn2+, Cd2+). All the target materials but those containing Cd were obtained as single-phase products; some admixture of a hydrated cadmium sulfate was also identified by XRD as a by-product when synthesizing Cu10Cd2Sb4S13. The as-obtained products were thermally stable when firing in argon up to a temperature of 350–400 °C. Overall, the substitution of Cu(II) by Fe(II), Zn(II), or Cd(II) reduces tetrahedrites’ thermal and electrical conductivities but increases the Seebeck coefficient. Unfortunately, the values of the thermoelectric figure of merit obtained in this study are in general lower than those found in the literature for similar samples obtained by other powder processing methods; slight compositional changes, undetected secondary phases, and/or deficient sintering might account for some of these discrepancies.

Effect of concentration of cadmium sulfate solution on structural,optical and electric properties of Cd1-xZnxS thin films

Cd1-xZnxS thin films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on glass substrate to study the influence of cadmium sulfate concentration on the structural characteristics of the thin film. The SEM results show that the thin film surfaces under the cadmium sulfate concentration of 0.005 M exhibit better compactness and uniformity. Due to the less Cd2+ involved in the reaction and little precipitation in the solution. The distribution diagrams of thin film elements illustrate that the film growth rate changes on the increase, decrease, and increase with the increase of cadmium sulfate concentration. XRD studies exhibit the crystal structure of the film is hexagonal phase, and there are obvious diffraction peaks and better crystallinity when the concentration is 0.005 M. Spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the relationship between zinc content x and optical band gap value Eg can be expressed by the equation Eg(x)=0.59x2+0.69x+2.43. Increasing the zinc content can increase the optical band gap, the absorbance of the thin film can be improved by decreasing the cadmium sulfate concentration, however, all of them have good transmittance. At a concentration of 0.005 M, the thin film has good absorbance in the 300 - 800 nm range, 80% transmittance, and band gap value of 3.24 eV, which is suitable for use as a buffer layer for solar cells.

A novel three-dimensional cadmium sulfate-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymer with green photoluminescence

Layer diffusion of 3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (BptH) in ethanol on an aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate leads to a novel three-dimensional cadmium sulfate-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymer (IOHP), CdSO4(H2O)(BptH)·1.5H2O (1). Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), and further characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectra (IR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. IOHP 1 exhibits a novel 2-nodal 3,5-connected nanoporous structure formed by BptH ligands connecting 2D neutral inorganic cadmium sulfate layers. Water molecules reside in its nanoporous channels. The thermal stability and solid-state photoluminescence properties of the compound have also been investigated.

Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Slim Film Grown by CBD Method

Substance shower testimony strategy have been utilized to store Cadmium sulfide dainty film. The affect of the appropriate response temperature and PH is explored on this work. The introduction of CdS dainty film Cadmium Sulfate, Anomia, Thiourea and Double refined water is utilized as wellspring of material . Examining Electron microscopy (SEM ) is utilized for morphological attributes of CdS slender film. UV spectroscopy have been utilized for optical living arrangements of the CdS slender film .The band hole of CdS dainty film by methods for UV spectroscopy changed into 2.42 eV . The X-R diffraction investigation is affirmed that the CdS meager film were polycrystline with hexagonal shape the ideal direction of CdS slender film had been(002) and crystalline size 50nM .It changed into chose from the broadenings of corrousponding X-Ray diffraction tops by means of the utilization of Debye scherrer recipe.

THE INFLUENCE OF CADMDIUM LOAD ON THE LEVEL OF VITAMINS A AND E IN BLOOD OF LAYING HENS

Cadmium – a heavy metal, classified as a second class of danger, has a pronounced tendency to accumulate in the body. Absorbed cadmium accumulates in the liver as a complex with metallothionein. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Cadmium on the level of vitamins A and E in the blood of laying hens. For research, three groups of poultry were formed: control and two experimental. The control group chickens were on a regular diet, fed with compound feed and drinking water without cadmium sulfate. To drinking water of chickens of experimental groups for 30 days was added cadmium sulfate in doses: the first group – 2 mg/kg, the second group – 4 mg/kg of body weight. The keeping conditions of the chickens and the indoor microclimate parameters for all groups of birds were similar. After cadmium loading at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, the level of vitamin A in the blood of chickens has probably decreased since the 14th day of the experiment. It was the lowest at 21 days of experience. When drinking cadmium sulfate at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight decreased levels of vitamin A by 4 and 21 days of the experiment, respectively, by 24 and 40% compared with the control group of chickens. When examining the level of vitamin E in the blood of laying hens under cadmium loading, it was found that in the second experimental group of chickens the level of this vitamin was significantly lower than in the control and the first experimental group of chickens. When compared with the control group of chickens, it was found that on the 14th day of the experiment, the level of vitamin E was lower in the first experimental group by 12% and in the second – by 27%, respectively. At day 21 of the experiment, the level of vitamin E was the lowest in the second experimental group, where it was 0.70 ± 0.011 µg/ml, respectively, which is 44% lower than the control. A significant decrease in the content of vitamins A and E indicates not only the pathological condition of the liver, but also the enhancement of oxidation processes associated with a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system. Cadmium compounds have high biological activity, they easily form complex compounds with proteins, nucleic acids, which inactivate a number of enzymes.

Crystal structure of a cadmium sulfate coordination polymer based on the 3,6-bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ligand

The polymeric title compound, poly[aquahemi[μ2-3,6-bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine](μ3-sulfato)cadmium(II)], [Cd(SO4)(C10H8N8)0.5(H2O)] n , (I), represents an example of a three-dimensional coordination polymer resulting from the reaction of CdSO4·8/3H2O with 3,6-bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (H2bmtz, C10H8N8) under hydrothermal conditions. The CdII atom has a distorted octahedral coordination environment defined by two nitrogen atoms from one H2bmtz ligand, three oxygen atoms from three different sulfate anions, and one oxygen atom from a coordinating water molecule. The 1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine ring of the H2bmtz ligand is located about an inversion center, with the NH group being equally disordered over two sites. The sulfate anion acts as a μ3-bridging ligand to connect three CdII atoms, resulting in the formation of [Cd(SO4)(H2O)] sheets propagating parallel to the bc plane. Adjacent sheets are interconnected across the H2bmtz ligands, which coordinate the CdII atoms in a bis-bidentate coordination mode, to form a three-dimensional framework structure. The framework is further stabilized by classical O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the coordinating water molecules and the sulfate groups, and by N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the disordered tetrazine NH groups and sulfate oxygen atom, along with C—H...π and π–π stacking [centroid-to-centroid separation = 3.5954 (15) Å] interactions between parallel pyrimidine rings of the H2bmtz ligand.