Keanekaragaman Hama Tanaman Padi dari Ordo Orthoptera pada Ekosistem Sawah di Desa Mantingan Kabupaten Ngawi

Beragam jenis hama yang hidup di sekitar tanaman padi, salah satunya berasal dari ordo Orthoptera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis hama tanaman padi dari ordo Orthoptera di Desa Mantingan, Kabupaten Ngawi dan cara yang baik untuk memberantas hama tanpa menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah pengamatan atau observasi dan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian ini, ditemukan tiga spesies hama dari ordo Orthoptera, diantaranya Oxya chinensis (belalang hijau), Gryllotalpa hirsuta (anjing tanah atau orong-orong), dan Atractomorpha crenulata (belalang kukus hijau). Ketiga hama tersebut menyerang tanaman padi dengan cara menggigit dan mengunyah pada bagian tanaman padi. Terdapat beberapa cara yang dapat digunakan untuk memberantas hama, salah satunya yaitu menggunakan pestisida berbahan kimia dan pestisida nabati, contohnya adalah mindi.

Identifikasi Serangan Serangga Hama di Pertanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) di Lahan Persawahan Tinggarjaya

Rice crops is included into the family of Graminae that produces seeds from China. Rice Plant is the crops that produce rice, consumed approximately by 90 % from the whole citizens of Indonesia as the main food. This study aims to identify indect pest attacks in rice plantations in Tinggarjaya rice fields. From the results of the research that has been carried out, various kinds of insect pests were found in the Tinggarjaya rice fields. The main pests found were brown planthopper (N. Iguens), rice bug (Leptocorixa acuta), green grasshopper (Oxya serville), ground bedbug (Scotinophara coarctata F.), seed fly (Atherigona exigua), false white pest (Nymphula depunctalis guene), and green grasshopper (Atractomorpha crenulata). Each pest a different population density. Not all pests can be found at every stage of rice plant growth. The largest pest population was found in the generative stage.

Diversity Of Insect Pests In Rice Plant (Oryza Sativa L) in The Rice Fields Of South Kualuh District, North Labuhanbatu

Eradicating rice pests in South Kualuh is difficult to do optimally, because most farmers do not understand the types of pests that attack their rice plants. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the type of pest insects in rice plants and to find out the diversity index of insect pests in rice plants. This research was conducted using trap method and collection of insects was done using a insect net. Observation data was analised using Shanon Wiener (H) diversity / diversity index. The result showed 13 types of pest insects which belongs to 10 families. That is Tettigonia sp.(Linnaeus, 1758), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth, 1899), Nephotettix virescens (Distant, 1908), Cofana spectra (Distant, 1908), Atractomorpha crenulata (Fabricius, 1793), Erotides sp.(Laporte, 1836), Leptocorisa acuta (Thunberg, 1783), Aulacophora indica (Gmelin, 1790), Chrysochus cobaltinus (LeConte, 1857), Silba capsicarum (McAlpine, 1956), Hercostomus germanus (Wiedemann, 1817), Cnaphalocrosis medinalis (Guenée, 1854), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker, 1863). The diversity index of rice pest insects was categorized as moderate with a value of 2,35 and a dominance index of 0,108. This value indicates that the distribution of species is evenly distributed so that no insect species dominates in the area.

The Diversity of Grasshoppers in Liwa Botanical Garden Based on Time Capture

Grasshopper is one of the diurnal cosmopolitan insect, the existence of grasshoppers is very influential for some other animal populations such as birds. It is still lack of information of diversity, distribution, population, and other basic biological aspects of grasshoppers at Kebun Raya Liwa (KRL). To monitor biodiversity, it is necessary to provide informations about the number of individuals, their functions, and roles in the habitat and ecosystem. Therefore it is necessary to conduct the research of these topics. This research was carried out during November to December 2019, at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa. Grasshoppers were cached in the morning from 06.00 AM to 09.00 AM, day from 10.00 AM to 02.00 PM, and afternoon from 03.00 PM to 06.00 PM . The grasshoppers was cached using a sweeping net by exploring the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa. The caught grasshopper was identified at the Zoology Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung. The result show that ten species of grasshopper were found at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa, i.e. Phaleoba antennata, Phaleoba fumosa, Phaleoba rustica, Atractomorpha crenulata, Atractomorpha sp., Phillium crurifolium, Phillium sp, Trilophidia annulata, Oxya chienensis, and Melanoplus differentialentialis. The index diversity of grasshopper at the Taman Hias Kebun Raya Liwa is categorized to moderate with H' = 2.223. The best time to catch grasshoppers is in the morning from 06.00 AM-09.00 AM and afternoon from 03:00 PM – 05:00 PM.

Comparison of Jumping Distance on Several Grasshopper Species (Orthoptera)

Grashhoppers have the jumping ability to move on one place to another place. Other than that, Grasshoppers use the jumping ability to escape from predators. The jumping distance of several grasshopper species is not expected to be the same, this led to the idea to conducting reseach to measure the jumping distance of several grasshopper species. This reasearch was conducted in a closed room with a size of 5m x 5m. Grasshopper species measured by jumping distance are Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, Oxya hyla, and Xenocatantops humilis. The selection of these four grasshopper species is estimated to have different jumping distances. The result of the research showed that Oxya hyla have the farthest jumping distance compared to Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. Atractomorpha crenulata has the shortest jumping distance compared to Oxya hyla, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. This difference in the jumping distance can estimated that Oxya hyla and Gesonula mundata more difficult to catch compared to Atractomorpha crenulata and Xenocatantops humili.

Comparison of Jumping Distance on Several Grasshopper Species (Orthoptera).

Grashhoppers have the jumping ability to move on one place to another place. Other than that, Grasshoppers use the jumping ability to escape from predators. The jumping distance of several grasshopper species is not expected to be the same, this led to the idea to conducting reseach to measure the jumping distance of several grasshopper species. This reasearch was conducted in a closed room with a size of 5 m × 5 m. Grasshopper species measured by jumping distance are Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, Oxya hyla, and Xenocatantops humilis. The selection of these four grasshopper species is estimated to have different jumping distances. The result of the research showed that Oxya hyla have the farthest jumping distance compared to Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. Atractomorpha crenulata has the shortest jumping distance compared to Oxya hyla, Gesonula mundata, and Xenocatantops humilis. This difference in the jumping distance can estimated that Oxya hyla and Gesonula mundata more difficult to catch compared to Atractomorpha crenulata and Xenocatantops humili.

Perbandingan Jarak Loncatan pada Beberapa Spesies Belalang (Orthoptera)

Belalang memiliki kemampuan meloncat untuk berpindah dari satu tempat ke tempat lainya. Selain itu, belalang menggunakan kemampuan meloncatnya untuk melarikan diri dari pemangsa. Jarak loncatan beberapa spesies belalang diperkirakan tidak sama, hal ini memunculkan gagasan untuk melakukan penelitian untuk mengukur jarak loncatan beberapa spesies belalang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dalam ruangan tertutup dengan ukuran 5m x 5m. Spesies belalang yang diukur jarak loncatannya yaitu Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, Oxya hyla, dan Xenocatantops humilis. Pemilihan ke empat spesies belalang ini diperkirakan memiliki jarak loncatan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Oxya hyla memiliki jarak loncatan yang paling jauh dibanding Atractomorpha crenulata, Gesonula mundata, dan Xenocatantops humilis. Atractomorpha crenulata memiliki jarak loncatan yang paling pendek dibading Oxya hyla, Gesonula mundata, dan Xenocatantops humilis. Perbedaan jarak loncatan ini dapat menggambarkan bahwa, Oxya hyla dan Gesonula mundata lebih susah untuk ditangkap dibandingkan Atractomorpha crenulata dan Xenocatantops humili.