VULNERABILITY TEST OF Aedes aegypti LARVA AGAINST TEMEFOS IN WAY KANDIS, BANDAR LAMPUNG

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of Dengue Fever (DHF) that is spread through mosquito bites. However, Bandar Lampung ranked 3rd out of 15 districts in Lampung Province with an IR (Incidence Rate) of 59.43. One way to reduce dengue cases is vector control. Temefos is commonly used as a chemical vector's control and it is possible can cause resistance to larvae. The information about Aedes Aegypty has not been widely known about larval of Aedes aegypty's susceptibility towards Temefos in Lampung Province. Therefore, this study aims to determine the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti larvae towards Temefos in Way Kandis Village, Tanjung Senang Regency, Bandar Lampung. This research was conducted in December 2018 - February 2019. This study uses five different temefos concentrations, i.e ;0 mg / L concentration as control, 0.005 mg / L, 0.01 mg / L, 0.02 mg / L, and 0 , Each 03 mg / L was repeated in 4 times. Observations were made by calculating the number of larvae that fainted, died, and lived. The results show that the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti towards Temefos in Way Kandis Village, Tanjung Senang Regency, Bandar Lampung City, is categorized as susceptible in the concentration range of 0.005 - 0.03 mg / L.

ANATOMICAL CHARATERISTICS OF ARACEAE FAMILY IN LIWA BOTANICAL GARDEN, WEST LAMPUNG, LAMPUNG

Indonesia is one of the countries with high Araceae diversity, which is about 36 genera consisting of 669 species. However research on the characteristics of Araceae in Indonesia is still limited. The existence of Araceae in Liwa Botanical Garden has not been studied. One of the characteristics in assessing plant diversity is anatomical features. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the anatomical characteristics of Araceae in Liwa Botanical Garden. This research was conducted from October to November 2019 in Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung, Lampung using the cruise method (Cruise Method). Araceae plants that are found identified in the Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung. The anatomical features of the leaves and petioles of Araceae was studied carefully. The results of this study indicate that each type of Araceae plant has different characteristics of epidermal cell structure and stomata. The characteristic shape of the epidermal cells is upright, while the characteristic shape of the stomata is amphibrachyparacitic. A certain types of Araceaeshows s a special characteristic which is having secretory cells.

DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF SPIDERS (Arachnida) IN LIWA BOTANICAL GARDEN

Spiders are organisms that can adapt to various environments throughout the earth's surface from arctic regions to desert areas. Many spiders occupy areas with low vegetation and shrubs. The Liwa Botanical Garden has dense vegetation which is an ideal habitat for spiders. This study aims to determine the diversity and abundance of spiders (arachnids) in open and closed areas in the Liwa Botanical Garden. The research was conducted in November - December 2019. Spiders were sampled using a survey method by making line transects at predetermined locations. Sampling using sweep nets and pit traps. The spiders found were identified in the Zoology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Lampung, and their relative abundance was calculated. The results showed that 249 individual spiders were grouped into 9 families and 21 species. The family with the highest number of individuals was Aranidae, while the least number of families was Phalangiidae.

THE NUMBER of (Aedes sp.) EGGS LAYING ON DIFFERENCES TIPE AND SPECIES OF PHYTOTELMATA IN AREA OF LAMPUNG UNIVERSITY

Phytotelmata is the part of a plant that can collect water and can be used as a natural breeding site for insects including mosquitoes. This research was conducted in August-December 2019 in the University of Lampung to find out the number of egg in phytotelmata and find the type and species of phytotelmata which are natural breeding site for Aedes sp. This study used an observatory method with a descriptive approach in the field. Analysis data was done using ANOVA and continued with the BNT test with 95% (a=5%) confidence. This research show that it found 3 types of phytotelmata like fruit hole, tree hole, axillary with six species of Phytotelmata such as Cocos nucifera, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bambusa sp., Bauhinia purpurea, Colocasia esculenta, and Musa paradisiaca. The most potential species of phytotelmata became the natural breeding site for Aedes sp. mosquito is a Cocos nucifera with an average of 16,33 eggs.

TYPES AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY INSECT POLINATORS IN ORDER GARDEN AND GARDEN FRUIT LIWA

Pollinator insects are insects that play a role in pollinating plants. This research was conducted in December-January 2020 at the Liwa Botanical Garden which aims to determine the types and daily activities of pollinator insects in the Liwa Botanical Garden Ornamental and Fruit Parks. The research used observation methods in 2 locations, namely Ornamental Gardens and Fruit Gardens. Pollinator insect sampling using a sweap net. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results found that including pollinator insects in the Ornamental Park were 11 species and 165 individuals, namely (Junonia orithya, Hypolimnas bolina bolina, Neptis clinioides gunongensis, Oriens gola, Euploea mulciber, Elymnias panthera, Apis cerana, Apis florea, Xilocopa confuse, Lucilia sericerata, Coccinella septempuncata), in the Fruit Garden there were 6 species and 276 individuals, namely (Bactrocera dorsalis, Eurema blanda, Zizina otis, Ypthima baldus newboldi, Apis cerana, and Apis florea). Observation of Junonia orithya's daily activities starts in the morning at 08: 00-11: 00 WIB. Flying activities are initiated by the butterfly around the flower plant then perching on the leaves to sunbathe, suck nectar, suck minerals, suck nectar repeatedly, and look for a partner to carry out mating activities. Observation of daily afternoon activities was carried out at 14: 00-16: 00 WIB Junonia orithya was seen carrying out her activities such as in the morning. When the brightness starts to decrease for example due to rain, the butterflies will rest and take shelter under the leaves or bush environment.

MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC ANALYSIS OF ASIAN KNIFEFISH (Notopterus notopterus) IN SAIL RIVER, PEKANBARU RIAU PROVINCE

This study was conducted from January-April 2017 located in Sail River, Pekanbaru City, Riau Province. The aim of this study was to investigate morphometric and meristic characters of Asian knifefish (Notopterus notopterus) besides as the most accurate initial identification of certain species. Fish samples were collected using sero (traditional setnet) to be further observed for their morphometric and meristic characters using ruler of 50 cm. Morphometric analysis applied to the Asian knifefish resulted in 23 characteristics. The highest value was found in the total length (TL) of female fish which reached 135-270 mm, while the lowest was in the characteristic of snout length (SNL) in male fish of 1,3-1,8 mm. A total of 8 meristic characteristics were observed, included: Dorsal fin rays (D), Pectoral fin rays (P), Ventral fin rays (V), Anal fin rays (A), Scales before dorsal fins, Circumference scales, Scales at caudal peduncle, and Scales along lateral line. According to its morphological characters, Asian knifefish has a flat body with sideways-elongated oval shaped and a humpback appearance. The shape of head near the back is relatively straight and scaly. The mouth of this species has protractile structure (able to protrude) with a terminal position and no tentacles. Asian knifefish has a large size of mouth opening as they are carnivorous fish. Adult fish has an evenly brown color, slightly concave dorsal shape, dark bands all over the body; and white-silver head color with enormous small gray spots. The fish body is covered with cycloid scales.

ISOLATION OF Salmonella typhoid 16s rRNA GENE FRAGMENT BASED ON POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

Iridescent is one of the traditional fish fermentation products that has a sour taste and is widely known in various regions of Indonesia. In its metabolism LAB produces organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, CO2 and bacteriocin. These compounds are antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial decomposition. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity produced by lactic acid bacteria isolates from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) inhibiting the growth of Escherecia coli. From iridescent obtained 9 isolates that have different characteristics from each other by the morphology of LAB isolate colonies which include colony color, colony shape, colony elevation and colony margin. After production of antibacterial, all isolates showed positive result when antibacterial tested againts Escherecia coli either in acidic condition or neutralized.

EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) 6000 ON GREEN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) GERMINATION AND GROWTH

The frequent drought in Indonesia has caused many farmers to experience a decline in vegetable production, one of which is green mustard. The green mustard is not resistant to drought, so water supply is an aspect that must be given special attention in cultivating green mustard. The objective of this study was to know whether the seedling and growth of seedling of green mustard (Brassica juncea L.) can grow well under drought stress by Polyethylene glycol 6000. This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, the University of Lampung in 2019. This study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with the main factor is Polyethylene glycol 6000 with three levels: 0% w/v, 10% w/v, 20% w/v, and 30% w/v. Each combination of treatments was repeated five times. The number of the experimental unit was 20. The observed variables in this study were the percentage of seed germination, length of leaf, the width of leaf, a,b chlorophyll content, and total chlorophyll content. The data was homogenize using the Levene test, then continued to analyze using ANOVA at a 5% significant level and proceed with HSD test significant level 5% to determine the differences between the treatment. The result showed that under drought stress by Polyethylene glycol 6000 started to affect green mustard seedling and growth of seedling at the level of PEG 6000 concentration 20% w/v while the number of leaves not affected. The conclusion was PEG 6000 gave a negative impact on the green mustard and the green mustard induced by PEG 6000 10% w/v more adaptive than PEG 6000 20 w/v.

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LICHEN DIVERSITY IN GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK

Lichen is an associated organism between fungi and algae. The research of lichen in Indonesia still inadequate, especially on the island of Java. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is one of conservation area in West Java. The diversity of lichen in this area has never been reported. This study aims to provide preliminary information of lichen diversity in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. This research was conducted in October 2019. All of the lichen specimens were carried out along the main road of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. A total of 30 species were found in this study belongs to 18 genera and 10 families. The most dominant lichen species from Graphidaceae with crustose as growth form.

Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. (Phyllanthaceae): A NEW RECORD TO THE FLORA OF SUMATERA

Phyllanthus is a genus with many members that are quite widespread throughout the world. Previously, this genus belonged to the Euphorbiaceae family but based on molecular studies it was separated into separate Phyllanthaceae families. Botanical explorations carried out on the islands of Bangka and Belitung indicated that Phyllanthus tenellus had not been recorded yet in Phyllanthus in Sumatra. Phyllanthus tenellus is a new alien plant record for the flora of Sumatra and increases the number of Phyllanthus species in Sumatra to 14 species. This species is thought to have been introduced accidentally and has naturalized in urban areas. A brief description, the factors causing the presence of this species in Sumatra, and their potential uses are described.