scholarly journals Advances in the Progression and Prognosis Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghong Yan ◽  
Guanran Wang ◽  
Xingyang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Clinical Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
The Social ◽  
Early Progression ◽  
Precision Therapy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research And Development

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At present, there are three key problems in the clinical treatment and management of CKD. First, the current diagnostic indicators, such as proteinuria and serum creatinine, are greatly interfered by the physiological conditions of patients, and the changes in the indicator level are not synchronized with renal damage. Second, the established diagnosis of suspected CKD still depends on biopsy, which is not suitable for contraindication patients, is also traumatic, and is not sensitive to early progression. Finally, the prognosis of CKD is affected by many factors; hence, it is ineviatble to develop effective biomarkers to predict CKD prognosis and improve the prognosis through early intervention. Accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD are extremely significant for improving the clinical treatment and management of CKD and reducing the social burden. Therefore, biomarkers reported in recent years, which could play important roles in accurate progression monitoring and prognosis improvement of CKD, were concluded and highlighted in this review article that aims to provide a reference for both the construction of CKD precision therapy system and the pharmaceutical research and development.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Cameroon: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Brown Aseneh ◽  
Ben-Lawrence A. Kemah ◽  
Stephane Mabouna ◽  
Njang Mbeng Emmanuel ◽  
Domin Sone Majunda Ekane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract ObjectivesThis scoping review sought to summarize available data on the prevalence, associated factors, etiology, comorbidities, treatment, cost, and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Cameroon.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus and African Journals Online from database inception to 31 March, 2020 to identify all studies published on the prevalence, associated factors, etiology, comorbidities, treatment, cost and mortality of CKD in Cameroon.ResultsThirty studies were included. The population prevalence of CKD varied from 3-14.1% and 10.0%-14.2% in rural and urban areas, respectively. The prevalence of CKD in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus was 12.4-50.0%, 18.5%, and 3.0-47.2%, respectively. Hypertension (22.3-59.1%), chronic glomerulonephritis (15.8-56.2%), and diabetes mellitus (15.8-56.2%) were the most common causes of CKD. The cause was unknown in 13.5-17.0% of the cases. Advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were frequent associated factors. Hemodialysis was the main treatment modality in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The monthly cost of management of non-dialyzed CKD was 163 US dollars. The one-year mortality rate of ESRD was 26.8-38.6%.ConclusionChronic kidney disease in affects about one in ten adults in the general population in Cameroon Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and human immunodeficiency virus bear the greatest burden of CKD in Cameroon. Advanced age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are major factors associated with CKD. Chronic kidney disease in Cameroon is associated with high morbidity and mortality and huge economic cost on the patient.

Quantitative reduction in short-chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (17) ◽  
pp. 1857-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Wang ◽  
Dan Lv ◽  
Shuanghong Jiang ◽  
Jianpin Jiang ◽  
Min Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10–15% of the population worldwide, results in high morbidity and mortality, and requires costly treatment and renal replacement therapy. Glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and persistent intestinal flora disturbance are common in CKD. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by the intestinal microbiota, have been previously reported to ameliorate kidney injury; however, the specific concentrations and types that are required to improve renal function remain unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the levels of SCFAs in healthy and CKD patients, and to test the hypothesis that SCFAs play a critical role in delaying CKD progression. One hundred and twenty-seven patients with CKD and 63 healthy controls from China were enrolled in the present study. Butyrate, which is considered beneficial to humans, was almost three-times higher in healthy volunteers than that in CKD5 subjects (P=0.001). Moreover, the serum SCFA levels in controls were significantly higher than that in CKD patients (P<0.05), and the butyrate level among CKD5 patients (1.48 ± 0.60 μmol/l) was less than half of that in controls (3.44 ± 2.12 μmol/l, P<0.001). In addition, we observed an inverse correlation between butyrate level and renal function (P<0.05). A CKD rat model transplanted with microbiota obtained from CKD patients exhibited accelerated CKD progression via increased production of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which was reversed by supplementation with extra butyrate. Our results showed that SCFA levels were reduced in CKD patients and that butyrate supplementation might delay CKD progression.

scholarly journals Lymphocytes: Versatile Participants in Acute Kidney Injury and Progression to Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chujin Cao ◽  
Ying Yao ◽  
Rui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major global public health concern due to its high morbidity and mortality. The progression from AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD) makes it a scientific problem to be solved. However, it is with lack of effective treatments.Summary: Both innate and adaptive immune systems participate in the inflammatory process during AKI, and excessive or dysregulated immune responses play a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis, which is an important hallmark of CKD. Studies on the pathogenesis of AKI and CKD have clarified that renal injury induces the production of various chemokines by renal parenchyma cells or resident immune cells, which recruits multiple-subtype lymphocytes in circulation. Some infiltrated lymphocytes exacerbate injury by proinflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and interaction with renal resident cells, which constructs the inflammatory environment and induces further injury, even death of renal parenchyma cells. Others promote tissue repair by producing protective cytokines. In this review, we outline the diversity of these lymphocytes and their mechanisms to regulate the whole pathogenic stages of AKI and CKD; discuss the chronological responses and the plasticity of lymphocytes related to AKI and CKD progression; and introduce the potential therapies targeting lymphocytes of AKI and CKD, including the interventions of chemokines, cytokines, and lymphocyte frequency regulation in vivo, adaptive transfer of ex-expanded lymphocytes, and the treatments of gut microbiota or metabolite regulations based on gut-kidney axis.Key Message: In the process of AKI and CKD, T helper (Th) cells, innate, and innate-like lymphocytes exert mainly pathogenic roles, while double-negative T (DNT) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are confirmed to be protective. Understanding the mechanisms by which lymphocytes mediate renal injury and renal fibrosis is necessary to promote the development of specific therapeutic strategies to protect from AKI and prevent the progression of CKD.

scholarly journals Thyroid Functional Status in Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Md Mosharruf Hossain ◽  
Kabiruzzaman Shah ◽  
Nasrin Begum ◽  
Parvez Ahmed ◽  
AKM Monoarul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis

Objectives: This study was done to find out the effect of chronic kidney disease on thyroid functional status. Kidneys normally play an important role in the metabolism, degradation and excretion of thyroid hormones. Therefore, impairment in kidney function leads to disturbed thyroid physiology. All levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis may be involved, including alterations in hormone production, distribution, and excretion. As a result, abnormalities in thyroid function tests are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials And Methods: A total of 100 patients suffering from different stages of chronic kidney disease were included for this study during the period of January 2010 to December 2010 at the Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Results: This study showed high prevalence of primary hypothyroidism (11%), low T3 syndrome (45%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (5%) in chronic kidney disease patients. Furthermore, there is an increasing trend of decreased thyroid functional status along with decrease of estimated GFR (eGFR).Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease impairs thyroid functional status in different ways. Thyroid functional status evaluation is recommended in each and every patient of CKD. That can reduce the morbidity and mortality rate of CKD patients as well as reduce the social burden and health expenditure.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(2): 141-144, July 2015

scholarly journals Social Support and Loneliness Among Chinese Caregivers of Children With Chronic Kidney Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Shi ◽  
Hengci Zhang ◽  
Haiping Yang ◽  
Daoqi Wu ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Propensity Score Matching Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chinese Caregivers ◽  
Support Score

To evaluate social support and loneliness as well as their association among caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We collected data for caregivers of children with CKD and caregivers of healthy children and matched the two groups using propensity score matching (PSM). We compared the differences in social support and loneliness between the two groups after matching and analyzed the relationship between social support and loneliness in the observation group. Before PSM, we analyzed the data for 247 caregivers of children with CKD and 315 caregivers of healthy children from 13 provinces. After PSM, the two groups each included 202 caregivers. The social support score of caregivers of children with CKD was lower than that of caregivers of healthy children (P &lt; 0.002), while the loneliness score was higher for caregivers of children with CKD than for caregivers of healthy children (P &lt; 0.008). The social support score was negatively correlated with the loneliness score (r = −0.598, P &lt; 0.001). Caregivers of children with CKD experienced less social support and greater loneliness than caregivers of healthy children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to providing social support for caregivers of CKD children and to improving the ability of these caregivers to cope with loneliness.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury pathology and pathophysiology: a retrospective review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P Gaut ◽  
Helen Liapis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the clinical term used for decline or loss of renal function. It is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high morbidity and mortality. However, not all causes of AKI lead to severe consequences and some are reversible. The underlying pathology can be a guide for treatment and assessment of prognosis. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines recommend that the cause of AKI should be identified if possible. Renal biopsy can distinguish specific AKI entities and assist in patient management. This review aims to show the pathology of AKI, including glomerular and tubular diseases.

scholarly journals Relationships of Chronic Kidney Disease and Thyroid Dysfunction in Non-Dialysis Patients: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Pan ◽  
Xin Du ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Xi Hua ◽  
Xin Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Ckd Stage

Context: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually manifest with disorder of thyroid hormone; however, the correlation is unknown. Objective: The study was designed to explore the relationships between CKD and thyroid dysfunction. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total number of 905 non-dialysis participants were collected at Nanjing First Hospital from August 2009 to October 2012 according to the case records system. Patients were grouped via the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the KDIGO guideline. Levels of thyroid hormone and biomarkers in different CKD groups were compared by ANOVA. Prevalence of different thyroid diseases was calculated by χ2 test. Results: We found that FT3 or T3 became more prevalent with increasing eGFR with the lowest level in CKD5 (p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between groups in FT4, T4, or TSH (p > 0.05). Frequency of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in CKD groups was high, especially in CKD stage 5 (69.1%, p < 0.01). eGFR had positive correlation with T3 and FT3 (r = 0.239, p = 0.0001; r = 0.292, p = 0.0001). ESS had correlations with prealbumin, β2-microglobin, eGFR, and C-reactive protein (r = 0.095, p = 0.004; r = –0.12, p = 0.001; r = 0.091, p = 0.007; r = –0.096, p = 0.008; r = 0.154, p = 0.001). After adjustment for prealbumin, uric acid, HbA1c, age, gender, eGFR, and β2-microglobin, binary regression revealed that hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and albumin were independent influence factors of ESS (p = 0.016, r = 1.014; p = 0.023, r = 1.007; p = 0.029, r = 0.996). Conclusion: CKD patients have a high morbidity of ESS, mainly low T3 syndrome. Anemia, inflammation, and malnutrition may contribute to ESS in CKD.

scholarly journals Regional Anesthesia: Boon for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Vascular Access Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Prapti Rath ◽  
Archana Shivashankar ◽  
Luv Luthra ◽  
Nivedita Mitta
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Dialysis Access ◽  
Vascular Access Surgery ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Access Surgery

AbstractThe incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is alarmingly high in Indian population with a steep rise in end-stage renal disease patients requiring dialysis access. The preexisting comorbidities associated with high morbidity further necessitate an anesthetic plan which provides benefits intraoperatively as well postoperatively. Different anesthesia techniques can be employed in CKD patients which are associated with complications. The aim of this review is to study the role and benefits of regional anesthesia in CKD patients.

scholarly journals Role of SIK1 in the transition of acute kidney injury into chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiu Hu ◽  
Jiao Qiao ◽  
Qun Yu ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Junhui Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Hk2 Cells

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI), with a high morbidity and mortality, is recognized as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI-CKD transition has been regarded as one of the most pressing unmet needs in renal diseases. Recently, studies have showed that salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation, which are the hallmarks of AKI-CKD transition. However, whether SIK1 is involved in AKI-CKD transition and by what mechanism it regulates AKI-CKD transition remains unknown. Methods We firstly detected the expression of SIK1 in kidney tissues of AKI patients and AKI mice by immunohistochemistry staining, and then we established Aristolochic acid (AA)-induced AKI-CKD transition model in C57BL/6 mice and HK2 cells. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and Transwell assay to explore the role and underlying mechanism of SIK1 on AKI-CKD transition. Results The expression of SIK1 was down-regulated in AKI patients, AKI mice, AA-induced AKI-CKD transition mice, and HK2 cells. Functional analysis revealed that overexpression of SIK1 alleviated AA-induced AKI-CKD transition and HK2 cells injury in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SIK1 mediated AA-induced AKI-CKD transition by regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling, the canonical pathway involved in EMT, inflammation and renal fibrosis. In addition, we discovered that inhibition of WNT/β-catenin pathway and its downstream transcription factor Twist1 ameliorated HK2 cells injury, delaying the progression of AKI-CKD transition. Conclusions Our study demonstrated, for the first time, a protective role of SIK1 in AKI-CKD transition by regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and its downstream transcription factor Twist1, which will provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment AKI-CKD transition in the future.

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