Application of the time transgrassive aerospace information for assessment of avalanche activity and hazard (Central Caucasus)

На основе дешифрирования разновременных аэрофотоснимков с 1957 г. по 1988 г. и космических снимков с 2005 г. по 2020 г. приведены данные о лавинопроявлениях в районах Центрального Кавказа (бассейны рек Баксан, Черек и Мамихдон). Факты схода лавин устанавливались в результате сравнения разновременных аэрокосмоснимков и их GIF-анимаций по особенностям теней заснеженных поверхностей от неровностей отложений лавин, наличию лавинных снежников в весенне-летний период, по характеру и ареалам растительности, а так же по уникальному космоснимку в момент схода ла- вины. Based on aerial photographs interpretation from 1957 to 1988 and satellite images interpretation from 2005 to 2020, data on avalanche phenomena in the regions of the Central Caucasus (basins of the Baksan, Cherek and Mamikhdon rivers) are presented. Avalanche facts were established as a result of comparing different-time aerospace images and their GIF animations on the features of shadows of the snowy areas from the irregularities of avalanche deposits, the presence of avalanche snow-patch in the spring-summer period, in nature and vegetation ranges, as well as on a unique space image at the time of avalanche.

Development of compression algorithms for hyperspectral aerospace images based on discrete orthogonal transformations

The paper describes the development of compression algorithms for hyperspectral aerospace images based on discrete orthogonal transformations for the purpose of subsequent compression in Earth remote sensing systems. As compression algorithms necessary to reduce the amount of transmitted information, it is proposed to use the developed compression methods based on Walsh-Hadamard transformations and discrete-cosine transformation. The paper considers a methodology for developing lossy and high-quality compression algorithms during recovery, taking into account which an adaptive algorithm for compressing hyperspectral AI and the generated quantization table has been developed. The conducted studies have shown that the proposed lossy algorithms have sufficient efficiency for use and can be applied when transmitting hyperspectral remote sensing data in conditions of limited buffer memory capacity and bandwidth of the communication channel.

The features of application of different systems of orientation angles at the processing of aerospace images

The angular elements of external orientation characterize the position of a shooting camera relative to the coordinate system in which the spatial coordinates of the points of the object under study are determined from the processing of its images. In many cases of aerial photography, e.g. shooting from an unmanned aerial vehicle, as well as in the case of space survey, the values of the orientation angles could be very significant. This paper presents the results of numerical experiments for five different systems of external orientation angles (Euler angles). The studies were performed using the condition of complanarity, which is the basis of space forward intersection. For a space forward intersection, a model of errors in determining spatial coordinates for five systems of shooting camera orientation angles has been developed. In the numerical experiments, the general case of aerial photography from an unmanned aerial vehicle and of space survey of the Earth were simulated. By comparing the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) in determining the spatial coordinates obtained using the studied systems of external orientation angles, the features of the use of these systems of orientation angles were revealed. The results of the research will allow to determine the spatial coordinates of the points of the studied objects with a greater degree of reliability by photogrammetry methods.

Development of technology of object-oriented classification of true-color aerospace images based on ontological representation of knowledge

Предложена технология объектно-ориентированной классификации цветных аэрокосмических изображений, основанная на онтологическом представлении знаний. Отличительной особенностью разработанной технологии является формализованное представление семантической информации, используемой в процессе классификации. Показано, что данная технология может быть реализована с помощью двух авторских компьютерных программ: «Гео-ПК» и «OntoExplorer». Результаты наглядно показывают, что у разработанной технологии имеется большой потенциал для решения задач классификации цветных аэрокосмических изображений высокого и сверхвысокого разрешения.

Restoring Missing Fragments of a Distorted Image Due to Defocusing or Blur of a Known Hardware Function

In this paper, a comparative analysis of the methods for recovering images distorted by defocusing or blurring from incomplete data is performed using examples. Incomplete data means the absence of any image fragments that were retouched using different types of interpolation - linear, spline and the interpolation method for the sequential calculation of the Fourier spectrum (IMSCS) developed by us. Then, the famous deconvolution method, the Wiener Filter (WF), was applied to the entire image. Analysis of the quality of restoration, carried out on the example of aerospace images, suggests that using IMSCS to fill in missing fragments (gaps) is either preferred or no less competitive than alternative methods. This is a consequence of the fact that IMSCS does not just retouch the gap, but also tries to reconstruct the lost data.

On agro-industrial assessment of territorial lands of Tartar region (on the example of Borsunlu village)

Annotation: Due to the climatic features of Azerbaijan, its soil is subject to severe erosion. Thus, eroded (washed, loosened, loosened, etc.) soils are often found in the country. This is explained by the fact that, as is clear from the morphological description of the section in the study area, the color of the soil here is brown in the upper layer, light brown in the middle layer, and straw in the last layer. The structure is heavy clayey in the upper layer, medium clayey in the middle layer and in the last layer. Roots and rhizomes, insect tracts, rust spots are found in new derivatives and fruits. These soils are boiled under the influence of 10% hydrochloric acid (HCl). Hygroscopic moisture is less moisture throughout the profile. The transitions in the genetic layers are clear and gradual.It should be noted that in general, erosion processes lead to erosion and destruction of the topsoil. According to the results of laboratory analysis of soil samples on different soil types from different experimental areas, the actual soil fertility determined for the suitability of different types of agricultural crops, a number of types of agricultural culture. grapes and clover-cheese.This article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the degree of erosion of the land cover formed in the territory of the Tartar region of the Republic of Azerbaijan using aerospace images and studied.Key words: Soil-forming rocks, soil granulometric composition, physicochemical properties, soil mineralogical composition, soil profile, genetic layers, parent rock, erosion process.