Updating the Earth remote sensing software for the detection of thermal anomalies

O b j e c t i v e s. The task of improving the software package for detecting thermal anomalies based on meteorologicalsatellite data developed by the unitary enterprise "Geoinformation Systems" was solved.M e t h o d s. In the period from 2015 to the present, the work on practical testing and improvement of the software for natural fires detection has been carried out. For this purpose, satellite images of the territory of Belarus obtained from NOAA series spacecraft were used. Special attention was paid to the problem of improving the accuracy of determining the coordinates of fires and reducing the time required for initial data processing.Re s u l t s. A retrospective analysis of the main stages of improving the software for natural fires detection and obtained during practical tests generalized results are provided. The description of the web service developed on the basis of the software for detecting natural fires is presented.Co n c l u s i o n. The information can be useful for the specialists and researchers who are engaged in the detection of thermal anomalies (fires) using remote sensing data from meteorological satellites.

The development of the earth remote sensing from satellite

Remote sensing activities from satellite are important aspect togain information about earth surface, thus has important significance on military, economic and geology fields. After 1962, the term remote sensing became popular and typically refers to non-intrusive observation of the Earth using electromagnetic waves from a platform some distance away from the object of study. Remote sensing implies a measurement made by some indirect or “remote” means rather than by a contact sensor. Remote sensing platform of satellite serves the sensing by using sensors. There are two types of sensors active and passive sensors. This article reviews about the sensors which are used for remote sensing of earth from satellite. This article analyses the sensors for sensing purpose and for attitude control of the satellite.

Modeling of centrifugal deployment of three-section minisatellite boom

The aim of the article is to model the processes of centrifugal deployment of a three-section boom and preliminary analyze the feasibility of this deployment method for an Earth remote sensing (ERS) minisatellite (MS). During the research, methods of theoretical mechanics, multibody dynamics, control theory, and computer modeling were used. Centrifugal deployment of multi-section booms have been successfully used on spin stabilized satellites, but not on ERS satellites, which have other features of operation and require additional studies. The main part of the MS is a platform to which a transformable antenna is attached by means of a transformable boom. Before deployment, the stowed boom and antenna are attached to the MS platform. The boom sections are connected by joints with one rotational degree of freedom and deployed sequentially due to centrifugal forces when the MS rotates in the required direction. Each of the boom joints has a locking mechanism that latches when a predetermined deploy angle is reached. To model the processes of the boom deployment, the MS is presented as a system of connected bodies, where the platform and the stowed antenna are absolutely rigid bodies, and the boom consists of three flexible beams of a tubular cross-section. The differential equations of the MS dynamics during the deployment are obtained using the Lagrangian formalism, which are supplemented by algebraic equations describing the constraints from the joints. The scenarios of the boom deployment with a constant control torque and a constant angular velocity of the MS are considered. These scenarios are simulated, and estimates of the control actions needed to ensure full deployment of the boom and the stabilization of the MS after latching of the joints are calculated. Dependences of variations of the loads on the boom structure during deployment are obtained. The simulation results allow us to conclude that it is feasible to implement the method of the boom centrifugal deployment for the MS, which can perform fast rotations about the three axes of the body reference frame. Implementation of this method allows designers to reduce mass of the MS because it does not require any servo drives in the boom deployment system.

Analysis of the efficiency of Earth remote sensing means

The aim of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of use of Earth remote sensing (ERS) means in the light of the trends in their development in the past ten years. The paper analyzes the efficiency of use of ERS means in the interests of socioeconomic development (in cartography, meteorology, climatology, oceanology, hydrology, agriculture, forestry, in local and regional management tasks, and in emergencies), the efficiency of the Indian ERS segment (as an example of one of the leading ERS countries), the basic trends in the development of ERS systems that increase their efficiency (open access to ERS data, private and public-private partnership, information delivery promptness, onboard ERS data processing, and ERS-based analysis), and a comparison of the ERS data market fraction of drones with that of satellites. As a result, the following global ERS trends that increase the efficiency of ERS data use are identified: - gradual reorientation from purely obtaining ERS data to making an analysis based thereon; - intensive development of methods of geospatial monitoring, business analysis, machine learning, neural networks, cloud architecture, and automatic processing of large ERS data arrays; - despite the ample scope for ERS data use and the reduction of space imagery prices, this information, as estimated by some analysts, is used in the solution of socioeconomic problems only to quite a small extent because less than one per cent of the ERS satellite data can ever find their users; - in India, China, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, ERS is funded from the state budget, which is no longer the case in most of the developed countries, where public-private and commercial ERS structures are dominant; - in the countries where ERS is mostly funded from the state budget, the approach to the distribution of ERS products on the home market with the aim to compensate for the capital costs of ERS satellite development inevitably produces negative results; - the formation of national ERS data markets is in progress; the features of these markets are open access to ERS data, private and public-private partnership, information delivery promptitude due to the use of web servers and cloud computing, ERS-based analysis, and onboard ERS data processing in the near future; - in the long term, the future of ERS will depend on breakthrough technologies, innovative solutions, new applications, and the integration of technologies such as VR (virtual reality), AR (added reality), AI (artificial intelligence), Ml (machine learning), Big Data, Cloud Computing, and IoT (Internet of things), which will be of crucial importance in the ERS segment. In the paper, the system analysis method is used. The practical significance of the paper lies in the possibility of using the global ERS advancement trends in the development and operation of national ERS spacecraft.

Intellectualization of the assessment of the development of information and communication means of data processing

Given the weak formalization and insufficient information support in the early stages of data processing tools development in information and communication technologies, the use of intellectualization mechanisms and the creativity of the researcher is highly relevant. Mathematical models, decision support systems are actively used to introduce intellectualization into the process of modeling development prospects itself through the use of fuzzy set models, fuzzy logic, opportunity theory and other disciplines focused on unlocking the intellectual, creative potential of the developer. With this in mind, the paper aims to develop a decision support system scheme to evaluate the development of data processing tools in information and communication technologies by activating the researcher’s intellectual capabilities through the use of his fuzzy reasoning, fuzzy structural modeling of development motives, visualization and schematization of the successive development of data processing tools. In the process of developing such a decision support scheme, a procedure for calculating the coefficient reflecting the ability of the considered variant of the appearance of data processing tools to further improvement was obtained. A system of membership functions is proposed, which is used to determine the influence of development motives on the qualitative characteristics of the ability of prospective data processing tools to further improvement. Specific examples are given to illustrate the developed methodological apparatus, in which the spacecraft of the Earth remote sensing system is selected as a data processing tool.

Digital approaches in agriculture crop monitoring

Implementation of modern technologies for collecting and processing spatial information, primarily Earth remote sensing data, has made it possible to solve a wide range of tasks for specialists in the agricultural industry. The work aim is to assess the state of agricultural crops on the territory of Krymskorozovskoe rural settlement of the Belogorsky district of the Republic of Crimea using materials of Earth remote sensing and modern information technologies. The article reviews the literature on the research topic, studies the most significant works on this theme. The article presents the possibilities of digital information technologies in the framework of solving agricultural problems including creation of maps of fields and database formation, study of the territory relief and the features of its morphological characteristics, prompt identification of changes in agricultural fields, based on the calculation of vegetation indices, with the use of remote sencing; classification and identification of objects by satellite images; forecasting the potential yield of agricultural crops.

The role of agrarian science in transforming methods of using the Earth remote sensing data into publicly available technology

Improvement of the Earth remote sensing technology has led to an active implementation of its results in many areas of human activity with a significant expansion of both the number of industries using remote sensing data and the range of problems to be solved. Agriculture is perhaps the only industry where there is a symbiosis of this data obtained from both spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground vehicles with a significant intersection of information used in many sectors of economy, such as cartography, ecology, land management, logistics, construction, weather and climate, etc. Such an integrated use of heterogeneous information from various sources requires developing a digital decryption tool (standard) in the form of a unified geographic information system and a unified conceptual information model of crop production. From such a geographic information system, users could obtain unified digitized images, which would be ready for use and entering into their databases, whereas a unified conceptual information model of crop production, integrating all the knowledge of this industry, should turn into a kind of a publicly available technology. On the other hand, digitalization of the economy has significantly expanded the range of problems to be solved not only in production, but also in science, allowing for purely theoretical scientific research to actively penetrate into production. This also requires appropriate digital standards and managerial structures.

Analysis of canopy phenology in man-made forests using near-earth remote sensing

Background Forest canopies are highly sensitive to their growth, health, and climate change. The study aims to obtain time sequence images in mix foresters using a near-earth remote sensing method to track the seasonal variation in the color index and select the optimal color index. Three different regions of interest (RIOs) were defined and six color indexes (GRVI, HUE, GGR, RCC, GCC, and GEI) were calculated to analyze the microenvironment difference. The key phenological phase was identified using the double logistic model and the derivative method, and the phenology forecast of color indexes was performed based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Results The results showed that the same color index in different RIOs and different color indexes in the same RIO present a slight difference in the days of growth and the days corresponding to the peak value, exhibiting different phenological phases; the mean squared error (MSE), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the LSTM model was 0.0016, 0.0405, 0.0334, and 12.55%, respectively, indicating that this model has a good forecast effect. Conclusions In different areas of the same forest, differences in the micro-ecological environment in the canopies were prevalent, with their internal growth mechanism being affected by different cultivation ways and the external environment. Besides, the optimal color index also varies with species in phenological response, that is, different color indexes are used for different forests. With the data of color indexes as the training set and forecast set, the feasibility of the LSTM model in phenology forecast is verified.

Methodology for managing the flows of target information in the remote sensing space system Part 2. Interrelated mathematical models systems formation

In the second part of the series of articles, the issues of the systemic organization of mathematical models for solving the problem of controlling the flows of target information in the Earth remote sensing space system are considered. A description of the interrelated mathematical models of the orbital constellation as components of the information system, the main task of which is to survey ground objects and the formation of the initial volume of information for its further processing, is presented. To calculate the time of servicing the request by the space segment, the following methods of formation are proposed: a model of the evolution of the Earth remote sensing spacecraft orbit; model for forecasting possible spacecraft correction intervals to maintain nominal orbital parameters; model for forecasting possible time intervals for on / off cycles of observation equipment; model for forecasting possible time intervals for dumping the received information to the information reception points. When calculating the cost of servicing a single request from the orbital complex, both the cost of servicing one spacecraft per unit of time and the cost of processing a single request from the ground complex were taken into account. In conclusion, a generalized form of representation of the target information flow model of the Earth remote sensing space system is proposed as an interconnected sequence of functions for changing the amount of information when an appropriate processing process (traffic change functions) is applied to it. General approaches to solving the optimization problem are considered.

Efficient land use based on remote sensing data

The goal -is to explore ways of using Earth remote sensing data for efficient land use. Methods - detailed information on current location of certain types of agricultural crops in the study areas has been summarized, which opens up opportunities for the effective use of cultivated areas. It was revealed that the basis of the principle of the method under consideration is the relationship between the state and structure of vegetation types with its reflective ability. It has been determined that information on the spectral reflective property of the vegetation cover in the future can help replace more laborious methods of laboratory analysis. For classification of farmland, satellite images of medium spatial resolution with a combination of channels in natural colors were selected. Results - a method for identifying agricultural plants by classification according to the maximum likelihood algorithm was considered. The commonly used complexes of geoinformation software products with modules for special image processing allow displaying indicators in the form of raster images. It is shown that the use of Earth remote sensing data is the most relevant solution in the field of crop recognition and makes it possible to simplify the implementation of such types of work as the analysis of the intensity of land use, the assessment of the degree of pollution with weeds and determination of crop productivity. Conclusions - the research results given in the article indicate that timely information on the current location of certain types of agricultural crops in the studied territories significantly simplifies the implementation of the tasks and increases the resource potential of agricultural lands. In turn, the timing of the survey and the state of environment affect the spectral reflectivity of vegetation.