High-pressure chemical injection injury to the hand: usually underestimated injury with major consequences

The damages caused by high-pressure injuries are often underestimated. Such incidents are characterised by a small punctiform entry wound and the normal colour of skin. The internal damage caused by these injuries can be severely devastating in nature. These injuries required emergent surgical debridement and irrigation. Postoperatively intensive physiotherapy is required for the successful return of hand function. The final functional outcome depends on the initial latency to treatment, nature of injected material, location and volume of injection and postoperative physiotherapy.

A Novel Approach for Enhancing Performance of VoD Systems

Multimedia applications such as Video-on-Demand (VoD), Live streaming, Internet stock quotes, Internet radio, audio/music delivery, video surveillance are of growing interest among general public. Existing systems that support these kinds of applications such as centralized server, independent server nodes, and proxy incur significant delay and serve only less number of videos. In this research, a multi-server system that utilizes a split and merge scheme is proposed to reduce the waiting time. This system helps us to achieve load balancing, while increasing the number of videos being served. Our simulation model consists of a single main multimedia server and a set of streaming servers. The performance of the proposed system for various K values is evaluated in the VoD scenario. The results show that the proposed multi-server scheme performs better in terms of initial latency and number of videos being served, compared to the other existing schemes. Index Terms—Component, formatting, style, styling, insert.

The effect of some commercial pesticide carrier formulations on the germination of Pseudoaegerita matsushimae propagules

Propagules of Pseudoaegerita matsushimae, an aero-aquatic hyphomycetous fungus commonly occurring on the surface of woodland ponds, were shown to germinate readily on moist surfaces. After an initial latency period of approximately 3 h during which less than 5% germination occurred, the ensuing 2–3 h saw 97% of all propagules germinate. This figure did not increase after 16 and 24 h. Using this information as a control, germinability was tested in many situations that simulated the application of pesticides and also their carriers. Oil emulsions or emulsifiable oil concentrates containing surfactants were up to 30% more toxic than mineral oils which did not contain such additives. The surfactant itself (Tween 80) did not significantly inhibit germination. Our initial studies indicated that aromatic carriers such as xylene or turpentine are highly toxic to Pseudoaegerita matsushimae propagules, whereas aliphatic carriers such as kerosene produce no significant reduction of germination. Key words: aero-aquatic fungus, pesticide carriers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, environmental impact.

An Electrophysiological Study of Neuroglandular Transmission in the Isolated Salivary Glands of the Cockroach

1. Some aspects of neuroglandular transmission in isolated salivary glands of the cockroach have been studied. 2. The membrane potential of acinar cells is -32.3±0.8 mV (mean±S..E; N = 600 cells) when the gland is bathed in Ringer solution. 3. Upon delivering a single shock by ‘field stimulation’ to the salivary nerves the gland cell membrane undergoes after an initial latency of 1 second a transient hyperpolarization of about 1-30 mV which lasts for about 10 sec. 4. When the salivary nerves are stimulated by trains of current pulses the hyperpolarization that occurs is larger in amplitude and longer in duration than that after a single stimulus. 5. The amplitude of the responses to single shocks and stimulus trains depends on the external potassium concentration. Thus, the neurotransmitter may increase membrane permeability to potassium ions. 6. The electrical response of the gland cell to 5-hydroxytryptamine in concentrations from 2.5-250x10-7 M is similar in sign and magnitude to that of nervous stimulation. 7. Occasionally small fluctuations in the membrane potential are observed and these are similar in sign and duration to responses elicited by single shocks to the salivary nerves.