Os vínculos entre a geografia brasileira e a geografia cubana: instituições, redes e círculos de afinidades

This article presents part of the results of an investigation that aimed to understand the relationships and bonds established between Brazilian and Cuban geography. The research problem started from the assumption that geography, since the second half of the 19th century, served the interests of colonialist and imperialist countries, given that both Brazilian and Cuban geography were influenced by European theories. In this sense, we seek to identify interchange relations between the two of them, emphasizing the importance of geography between geographers in Latin America. The methodological procedures for collecting relevant information and data were sustained both in bibliographic references and in interviews with geographers from both countries. History and the oral source were essential in the search for primary information. In it we address the following subjects: the periods in which the bonds were established, the institutions that participated in the exchange, the networks and circles of affinities that were built through the ties established between the researchers. Considering that to integrate is to learn from both sides, it is to consolidate, this work joins the list of those who intend to contribute to the construction of a shared Latin American geography.

Conclusion

This concluding chapter offers an overview of the US Post and the wider federal government from the early 1900s to the present. Both the US Post and the American state became more centralized and bureaucratic during the 20th century, but elements of the agency model and the challenges of American geography have continued to shape governance through the present. Today, the federal government’s “indirect” workforce outnumbers its “direct” workforce of salaried employees, while the US Postal Service’s ongoing fiscal crisis has seen the re-emergence of elements of the 19th-century postal network and its localized, semi-privatized workforce. The book concludes with lessons that the 19th-century postal system holds for understanding the kind of structural power wielded by technology companies and other large-scale forces that shape American society today.

Menekültügy és tömeges fogvatartás az Egyesült Államokban a mexikói határ mentén a COVID-19 időszakában

A tanulmányt (URL1) két, az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban (USA) élő és kutató tudós jegyzi. Jeremy Slack a University of Texas, El Paso (UTEP) földrajz docense. Doktori fokozatát a University of Arizona-n szerezte, fő kutatási területe az államhatárhoz kapcsolódó bűncselekmények (ember-, kábítószer- csempészés, személy elleni erőszakos jogsértések), valamint az államhatalmi eljárások problémái (kitoloncolás, családi kapcsolatok megszakadása). Josiah Heyman az UTEP antropológia professzora. Munkásságának főbb iránya az államhatár (jellemzően USA–Mexikó) jogellenes átlépéséhez kapcsolódó elkövetői oldal, valamint az azt kezelő államhatalmi fellépés vizsgálata, szembefordítása. Tanulmányaiban megjelenik mestere, Eric R. Wolf (URL2) értékrendje, aki a hatalomhoz kötődő erőszak intézményét bírálta publikációiban. A publikáció a „Journal of Latin American Geography” című folyóiratban jelent meg, amelyet a Latin-amerikai Földrajzi Konferencia (CLAG) ad ki és a University of Texas Press terjeszti 1970-ben történt alapítása óta (URL3), H-indexe 20. A téma aktualitása vitathatatlan, hiszen az ellenőrizetlen és ellenőrzött globális migráció, a COVID-19 azonosítóval jelzett globális humán pandémia a Föld egész lakosságát érinti.

James Monteith: Cartographer, Educator, and Master of the Margins

James Monteith (1831–1890) was a leading figure in American geography education in the late nineteenth century, but his career has been largely forgotten and his contribution to cartography has been underappreciated. Monteith’s maps and geography textbooks were targeted at the general reader, but included innovative ways to highlight comparative spatial relationships. Much of the text in Monteith’s books is typical of that found in other works of the period, but his geography volumes included unique illustrations to help the reader visualize terrain on a continental scale and place individual maps in a global context. Monteith produced fairly pedestrian maps in his books but surrounded them with remarkable symbology and amplifying data that ought perhaps to earn him the title “master of the margins.”

Race and Income in U.S. Suburbs: Are Diverse Suburbs Disadvantaged?

Sociological narratives of communities of color often make two assumptions: that people of color are concentrated largely in cities and that communities of color are disadvantaged. However, the recent widespread suburbanization of people of color challenges both assumptions, destabilizing how we link race, place, and class. This visualization uses the 2019 American Community Survey to ask, How is racial diversity in suburbs associated with income? The findings suggest that, by and large, racially diverse suburbs are middle class when comparing their median household income with the national value ($63,000). The most multiracial suburbs host populations with the highest median incomes (mean ~ $85,000). Black and Latinx median household incomes surpass the national value in these diverse suburbs. Moreover, these findings are robust in regressions including metropolitan fixed effects. Given that most people of color live in suburbs, understanding suburban communities of color is critical for understanding the American geography of racial inequality.

Under the Skin

Under the Skin: Feminist Art and Art Histories from the Middle East and North Africa Today is set out to show what is beneath the surface, under the appearances of skin, body, colour and provenance, and not the cultural fixities or partial views detached from the realities of communities, cultures and practices from the area. Through 12 chapters, Under the Skin brings together artistic practices and complex histories informed by feminism from diverse cultural and geographical contexts: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia and Turkey. The aim is not to represent all of the countries from the Middle East and North Africa, but to present a cross-section that reflects the variety of nations, cultures, languages and identities across the area—including those of Berber, Mizrahi Jews, Kurdish, Muslim, Christian, Arab, Persian and Armenian peoples. It thus considers art informed by feminism through translocal and transnational lenses of diverse ethnic, linguistic and religious groups not solely as a manifestation of multiple and complex social constructions, but also as a crucial subject of analysis in the project of decolonising art history and contemporary visual culture. The volume offers an understanding on how art responds to and shapes cultural attitudes towards gender and sexuality, ethnicity/race, religion, tradition, modernity and contemporaneity, and local and global politics. And it strives to strike a balance by connecting the studies of scholars based in the European-North American geography with those attached to the institutions in the Middle East and North Africa in order to stimulate different feminist and decolonial perspectives and debates on art and visual culture from the area.