Perspectives, dimensions, and references that shape the notion of nature: A semiotic model based on socioecological relations

If the significance of nature is a crucial phenomenon in understanding the forms of relations societies establish with the environment, in what way is this significance built? This paper presents the results of a case study focused on exploring how the meanings of nature and socioecological relationships relate to each other in an indigenous population. The first part of the article explains the theoretical scaffolding used to collect and analyse data, based on ecological anthropology and Ogden and Richards’ semiotic scheme. The second part describes the methodological procedures and the first findings, that is, the elements and dimensions that integrate the meanings of nature and land for the inhabitants of this population. It is also explained how those meanings are built and how they are fused to local socioecological relationships in an ontological way. The findings reveal that the inhabitants of this community configure their meanings of ‘nature’ from multiple references of biological, spiritual, axiological, and cultural character, often represented by its referent ‘land’. The notion of ‘nature’ (as land) is created from subjective and social experiences with the environment and the territory, and in turn provides meaning to the biocultural identity of the population. However, historical learning, worldview, and social organization also emerge as the main structuring elements of the social meanings of nature and land.

Gene-Cultura: E o Problema da Influência do Ambiente na Evolução dos Seres Vivos

O objetivo do presente artigo é expor e discutir a problemática relação da influência da cultura e da determinação genética no processo de evolução dos seres vivos, em especial dos seres humanos. Para tanto, dentre os procedimentos metodológicos foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva, analisando aspectos de natureza biológica, social e antropológica. O artigo buscou fazer conexões com a natureza genética dos seres humanos e sua evolução e coevolução relativa a aspectos socioambientais e culturais. É possível depreender pela análise dos resultados que as sociedades humanas modernas apresentam um processo de construção que tem influências mais significativas da natureza sociocultural que genética, apesar de que esses fatores sempre serão indissociáveis.Palavras-chave: Cultura, gene-cultura, coevolução, sociobiodiversidade, sustentabilidade Gene-Culture: And the Problem of the Influence of the Environment on the Evolution of Living BeingsABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to discuss the relationship between the influence of culture and genetic determination on the evolution process of living beings, especially human beings. Therefore, among the methodological procedures, bibliographical and descriptive research was carried out, analyzing aspects of the biological, social and anthropological nature. The article sought to search with the genetic nature of human beings and their evolution and co-evolution related to socio-environmental and cultural aspects. It is possible to infer from the analysis of the results that modern human societies present a construction process that has more important influences of sociocultural nature than genetics, although these factors will always be inseparable.Keywords: Culture, gene-culture, co-evolution, sociobiodiversity, sustainability

Canalized urban rivers

The Biriguizinho Stream, like so many other urban rivers, has undergone changes over the years, with the correction of its banks, channeling and suppression of its source. These measures were seen as the most adequate to enable the urban growth of Birigui-SP. However, with the passage of time and expansion without predetermined guidelines, episodes of flooding occur in the region of the aforementioned stream, overloaded with the runoff of rainwater from a large part of the city. The purpose of this article is to analyze the factors that contribute to flooding on the banks of the Biriguizinho stream, in the city of Birigui/SP, with the aim of proposing green infrastructure solutions that mitigate or definitively affect floods, avoiding risky situations. The methodological procedures adopted include readings on the themes of urban rivers, landscape, perception, risks, and green infrastructure, in addition to observation of the study area.

¿Favorece a las Mujeres Víctimas la Exención del Deber de Declarar? Estado de la Cuestión en España

The purpose of this work is to consider whether the exemption from the duty to declare that is contemplated in the Spanish legal system for some cases favors or, on the contrary, harms female victims. To do this, we will start from the hypothesis of committing crimes within family privacy, as it is particularly difficult to prove. We will combine, in our work, a logical-deductive methodology with an empirical-inductive one. The methodological procedures used will consist of a jurisprudential analysis of the most recent and relevant judicial pronouncements, a doctrinal examination of the matter and an analysis, necessary, of the set of current criminal procedural regulations. We will have to expose as results of our investigation how the evidentiary activity is notably complicated when the only witness to the facts invokes his right not to testify due to the aforementioned links. In this way, it is not only really complex to get the process to continue its course, but to allow the accused, in the legitimate exercise of his right to due process, to contradict said testimony.

PEDAGOGICAL COURSE PROJECTS: AN INTERPRETATION THROUGH THE KNOWLEDGE MATRIX

This article analyzes three Pedagogical Course Projects (PPC) in the area of Biological Sciences through a research instrument called Matrix of Knowledge – M(S). The methodological procedures were based on Discursive Textual Analysis (ATD). The vertical and horizontal readings of the M(S) Matrix revealed, respectively, the following distributions of the analyzed excerpts: 77.2% were in column 3 (teaching) and 85.5% were allocated in the first line (epistemic). Data analysis also revealed an important gap: it is the absence of excerpts in column 2 of the M(S), dedicated to the determinations of knowledge in relation to teacher learning. This is a worrying result, as the PPCs do not mention or provide considerations for teachers about how to conduct their classes (methodological aspects), how to think about content perspectives (epistemic aspects), finally, how to develop the conditions of the teaching action.

Landscape in Theory. The Unexpected Virtue of Archaeological Approach

This contribution offers a perspective on the intimate link that is established between theory, practice and results in the field of contemporary Landscape Archeology. With particular reference to the Anglo-Saxon and Mediterranean academic tradition, the discourse aims to investigate the specific way in which the adoption of broad categories and methodological procedures is key to reading the real and ideal Landscape. This analysis highlights how the many different interpretations of the Landscape represent the reflection of the type of questions pertaining to the context of a specific cultural background. I will pay particular attention to the phenomenological approach that seems to cannibalize the debate. Ultimately, I argues for a vision of landscape as a place of asymmetrical relations between human and non-human that cannot be done justice from too strong a phenomenological or materialistic perspective. Even the neo-materialistic collapse of subject and object must be tempered by this idea of ‘asymmetry,’ in which a landscape beyond the human must be accounted for. It is in this framework that I must consider time and space not only as contextual coordinates but as articulations of one another, with time structuring to one and space giving form to the other. All of this is done ‘in/with/from the landscape’; the landscape is neither solely setting nor actor but can be thought of both as a language, a field in which all resides and of which all is composed, and the sign, the contextual manifestations of this field constantly invoking and at play with the whole, a whole that can never be disassociated from its concretization. A new heuristic tool for investigating landscapes will also be proposed.

Os vínculos entre a geografia brasileira e a geografia cubana: instituições, redes e círculos de afinidades

This article presents part of the results of an investigation that aimed to understand the relationships and bonds established between Brazilian and Cuban geography. The research problem started from the assumption that geography, since the second half of the 19th century, served the interests of colonialist and imperialist countries, given that both Brazilian and Cuban geography were influenced by European theories. In this sense, we seek to identify interchange relations between the two of them, emphasizing the importance of geography between geographers in Latin America. The methodological procedures for collecting relevant information and data were sustained both in bibliographic references and in interviews with geographers from both countries. History and the oral source were essential in the search for primary information. In it we address the following subjects: the periods in which the bonds were established, the institutions that participated in the exchange, the networks and circles of affinities that were built through the ties established between the researchers. Considering that to integrate is to learn from both sides, it is to consolidate, this work joins the list of those who intend to contribute to the construction of a shared Latin American geography.

Co-parenting in families with an imprisoned parent: A systematic review

Objectives: We explored the literature to investigate the main results of research into the practice of co-parenting in families with an imprisoned parent.Moreover, we aimed to point out the theoretical approaches used to analyze coparenting in the case of parental detention and the methods by which co-parenting is recognized and measured. Method: We used the EBSCO platform to explore the databases PsycINFO and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection.First, we researched parenting OR co-parenting AND (incarcerated mother OR incarcerated father); the next search was for family AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail). Then we searched for fathers OR mothers AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail), and the final search attempt was for wives OR partners OR husbands AND (incarceration OR prison OR jail). Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected 14 studies for this literature review.Conclusions: The number of studies about co-parenting in families dealing with parental detention is limited. Most of what is known about the co-caregiving system or alliance and children's adjustment has come from studies of families with young children. The methodological procedures used to explore the relationships between incarcerated parents, children, and home caregivers were individually focused. What emerged from this literature review is the need to recognize the triadic nature of family relationships and therefore the need to adopt procedures that would allow us to analyze the triadic processes characterizing a family system.