Cropping capacity of winter rye cultivated for fodder

Realization of the yield potential depends on the biological characteristics of the variety, cultivation technology and weather conditions. The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2018-2021. on the productivity of various varieties of winter rye in dryland conditions of the central zone of the Republic of Kalmykia. The fresh yield of winter rye harvested for fodder depended on the variety. Its highest index was obtained for the Saratovskaya 4 variety and amounted to 17.7 ... 26.9 t / ha. The analysis of the productivity of winter rye harvested for green fodder showed that the studied varieties provided the yield of dry matter at the level of 5.4 ... 7.1 t / ha on average for three years. All varieties have good winter hardiness. Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, NAKED FALLOW, PLANT HEIGHT, GREEN MASS, FRESH YIELD, CROP PRODUCTIVITY, DRY MATTER

The Importance of Spiritual Ecology in the Qingyuan Forest Mushroom Co-Cultivation System

The ecological value encapsulated in the term “spiritual ecology” is drawing more and more attention from ethnology, folklore, ecology, and other related disciplines. The custom of respecting and pacifying forest spirits has distinct regional and ethnic characteristics, and many scholars have discovered samples from different studies around the world. Qingyuan County, located in the mountainous region of southwest Zhejiang, is a very typical case of the practice of respecting and pacifying forest spirits. The mushroom-cultivation technology invented by the chthonic people there more than 900 years ago made this the global birthplace of artificial mushroom cultivation. The Qingyuan Forest–Mushroom Co-cultivation System (QFMCS) has been listed as an important agricultural heritage system by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing, China and a candidate project by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy for Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS). Additionally, the QFMCS is currently an important part of the Baishanzu National Park under construction. The authors made an in-depth field study in the mountainous areas of Qingyuan and used theoretical methods of ecology, anthropology, and folklore to reveal the function spiritual ecology plays in ecological conservation, forest protection, identity, and the maintenance of community interests. In the “traditional-modern” transformation of Qingyuan County, the practice of respecting and pacifying the Spirits is still being propagated, resulting in expansion and social cohesion.

Financial Analysis of Business Feasibility and Maggot Black Souldier Fly Cultivation Development Strategy

This study aims to analyze financial feasibility and develop strategies for developing Black Souldier Fly (BSF) maggot cultivation business. The research location in Omah Maggot Warna Warni, which is located in the village of Puntir Martopuro, Purwosari Pasuruan, was chosen with the consideration of having good prospects for BSF maggot cultivation. Respondents include 4 resource persons who are directly involved in maggot cultivation. The analysis used is a quantitative financial analysis by calculating the value (Net B/C, NPV, IRR, and Payback Period and BEP) with a discount factor (DF) of 11 percent. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the sensitivity of BSF maggot cultivation to a decrease in production which was conditioned by a 10% to 40% decrease in production. Descriptive analysis with SWOT analysis is used to find strategies for developing Maggot Cultivation Business. The results showed that maggot cultivation was profitable to cultivate. This business is feasible because the NPV and Net B/C values are greater than 1, and the IRR value is higher than the interest rate. Based on the SWOT analysis, it shows that the position of the internal-external matrix of the Omah Maggot Warna Warni maggot cultivation business is in quadrant II or the growth and development strategy with the IFAS factor value of 2.39 and EFAS 3.03. This phase shows that the colorful Omah Maggot maggot cultivation business is undergoing a growth stage and must be developed because it has great potential to develop. The priority of the BSF maggot cultivation development strategy is to improve the quality of maggots, expand network marketing, and increase the use of cultivation technology and collaborate with the local government for the development of the Colorful Omah Maggot maggot cultivation business.

Features of cultivation technology for organic pumpkin certified by JAS (Japan) in the conditions of Primorsky region

In the modern world, special attention is paid to rational use of natural resources and provision of the population with high-quality food. In this connection, the principles of organic farming are relevant both in our country and abroad, as they allow reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment. Primorsky Territory has significant potential for development of organic farming, as well as the possibility of exporting organic vegetables to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, including Japan. Based on the results of the studies carried out, the authors found that the soil and climatic conditions of the Partizansky District of the Primorsky Territory are suitable for cultivation of pumpkins considering the requirements of the Japanese JAS standards. Compliance with the recommended agricultural practices made it possible to obtain a yield of marketable pumpkin fruits of 11.1-12.2 c/ha with high quality indicators.

Optimisation of Nutrition of Early-Maturing Potato Varieties on Drip Irrigation in the South of Ukraine

Potatoes are an extremely important crop for the nutrition of the population in Ukraine. Its potential is high-up to 100 t/ha of tubers, but the average yield reaches 14-16 t/ha. To obtain significantly higher productivity, it is necessary to improve the main elements of cultivation technology. The main factor of potato production on drip irrigation is the optimisation of plant nutrition, which the authors have taken to study with three varieties of early maturing potatoes. Studies have established that providing plants with nutrients with the selection of varieties can increase the productivity of tubers up to 37-39 t/ha, or increase its level compared to the control to 64.7%. It was determined that the maximum yield is provided by the main application from autumn N32P32K32, before planting N48P48K48 and carrying out three top dressings during the growing season simultaneously with watering with a total rate of N33 and Plantafol 6 kg/ha, starting from the beginning of budding with an interval of 8-10 days. At the same time, tubers are formed with high-quality indicators as they contain a sufficient number of dry substances, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and starch. It should be noted that when optimising nutrition, the intake of all the main indicators of potato tubers compared to the control slightly decreased, namely dry substances and starch. On the contrary, the amount of ascorbic acid increased, especially with top dressing with Plantafol. Varietal features regarding the impact on the quality of tubers are also determined. Significantly more dry substances were found in tubers of the Riviera and Prada varieties, and more starch content was found in Prada and Minerva varieties. Slightly less dry matter and ascorbic acid were detected in Minerva potato tubers compared to other varieties. From the grown crop of tubers of the studied potato varieties, it is possible to obtain up to 4.0 t/ha of bioethanol or alcohol if they are processed

Efficiency of soybean photosynthesis as affected by the components of cultivation technology

Purpose. Determine the efficiency of photosynthesis of soybean varieties ‘Ustia’, ‘Kordoba’, ‘Estafeta’ as affected by the use of microfertilizers and growth regulators. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. The article presents the results of research to study the effectiveness of photosynthesis in the cultivation of different varieties of soybean. It was found that the treatment of plants with microfertilizer Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym ensured a leaf area (1000 m2/ha) increase of 7.2 m2/ha in variety ‘Ustia’, 7.6 in ‘Kordoba’ and 5.2 in ‘Estafeta’, compared to control. At the same time, the efficiency of using the growth regulator Biosil against the background of double treatment with the microfertilizer was at the level of the treatments with single treatments with Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with appropriate growth regulators. Conclusions. It was investigated that the leaf surface area of ‘Ustia’ variety with foliar fertilization using Yara Vita Mono Molitrak microfertilizer in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with growth regulators Biosil and Radostym was 38.8 and 39.2 thousand m2/ha. The use of microfertilizers twice in combination with the above-mentioned growth regulators contributed to the increase of leaf area to the level of 38.9 and 39.5 thousand m2/ha, respectively. Similarly, in ‘Kordoba’ soybean variety, the best option was the use of Yara Vita Mono Molitrak in the budding phase (0.25 l/ha) + in the flowering phase (0.25 l/ha) in combination with the growth regulator Radostym, which helped to increase the leaf area to 39.5 thousand m2/ha. Foliar fertilization with microfertilizers combined with the use of growth regulators provides the formation of maximum NPP. Thus, in ‘Ustia’ variety, it was 1.47 and 1.45 g/m2, in ‘Estafeta’ 1.82 and 1.82 g/m2 of dry matter per day.

Species of herbivorous bugs in sunflower crops in the central agro-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region

One of the factors limiting high and qualitative yields of sunflower seeds is pests. Phytophages injure plants of the crop during the whole vegetative period causing growth and development disorders, and sometimes plants depth. Together, insects play the important role in distribution of pathogens, especially fungi from genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizopus, and Puccinia, as well as bacteria. Among phytophages on sunflower, the most harmful are herbivorous bugs (class Hemiptera) of fleahopper (Miridae) and stinkbug (Pentatomidae) families. Bugs feeds on plants sap, they suck it out of the different plant organs. The basic oil crop in the Krasnodar region is sunflower. In 2021 its sowing area accounted to 442 thousand ha. Breaks of scientifically substituted cultivation technology lead to deterioration of phytosanitary state of sunflower crops by means of concentration of pathogens, including herbivorous bugs. The purpose of the research was to determine species and prevalence of bugs and their dominating species in sunflower crops in the Krasnodar region for the further development of protection measures. The result showed in the central zone of the Krasnodar region the sunflower crops are inhabited with 12 species of bugs from the families: Miridae, Pentatomidae, Alydidae and Coreidae. Prevalence of tarnished plant bug (Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) and bishop bug (Lygus rugulipennis (Popp., 1911) was high (60 and 80%, respectively), and sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) was maximal – 100%. A sloe bug prevailed in sunflower crops – 36.1%.

The effect of the method of management and training grape bushes on the indicators of planting fertility and productivity

В настоящее время на промышленных виноградниках в различных регионах России возделывается множество разновидностей технических сортов винограда. Проведено сравнение двух технических сортов, возделываемых в условиях Нижнего Придонья, дана оценка влияния способов ведения и формирования кустов этих сортов при индустриальной технологии выращивания (схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м) на количество и качество урожая: неукрывных высокоштамбовых насаждений технического сорт Кристалл венгерской селекции и сорта винограда межвидового происхождения Цветочный, выведенного во ВНИИВиВ им Я.И. Потапенко. Полученные в ходе исследований данные позволяют сравнить влияние различных способов ведения, типов формировки кустов и их нагрузки побегами на показатели плодоносности насаждений, а также количество и качество полученного урожая. Показавшие лучшие результаты способы ведения и формирования кустов для климатической зоны Нижнего Придонья могут быть рекомендованы к использованию. В насаждениях сорта Кристалл рекомендуется использовать малую чашевидную и 2-рукавную высокоштамбовую формировку кустов; в насаждениях сорта Цветочный - зигзагообразный кордон и Y-образную формировку, с увеличением нагрузки до 35 побегов на куст при схеме посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Рекомендуемые способы ведения и формировки кустов винограда сортов Кристалл и Цветочный позволят получать стабильные и качественные урожаи. Currently, a wide range of wine grape varieties is cultivated in industrial vineyards of various regions of Russia. We compared two wine varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Lower Don region, and assessed the effect of methods of bush management and training these varieties with industrial cultivation technology (planting scheme - 3 x 1.5m) on the quantity and quality of the yield: open-earth high-head plantings of wine variety ‘Cristall’ of Hungarian selection and the variety of interspecific origin ‘Tsvetochniy’, bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I.Potapenko. The data obtained in the course of the research allow us to compare the effect of different management methods, types of bush training and loading with shoots on the indicators of plant fertility, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained yield. The methods of management and training bushes for the climatic zone of the Lower Don region with better results can be recommended for introduction. For the ‘Cristall’ plantings, it is recommended to use a small cup-shaped and two-armed high-stem bush training; for the ‘Tsvetochniy’ plantings - a zigzag cordon and a Y-shaped bush training with loading increase up to 35 shoots per bush, and a planting scheme - 3 x 1.5 m. The recommended methods of management and training grape bushes of wine varieties ‘Cristall’ and ‘Tsvetochniy’ will make it possible to obtain stable and high-quality yields.

Faktor-Faktor Penentu Pola Pembelajaran Petani dalam Pengembangan Padi Sawah Organik di Kabupaten Kolaka Timur

This study aimed to analyze the determinants of farmers’ learning patterns in developing organic lowland rice. This research is a survey research with the research location in Lambandia District, East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The was chosen because some farmers have applied organic lowland rice cultivation technology. The research period was for three months, from July to September 2021. The number of samples was 62 farmers by the census. Research variables were farmers’ characteristics, access to information media, support of supporting factors, and farmer learning patterns. collecting data with structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that the farmer’s learning pattern was through imitation of innovation with the support of the availability of creation and assistance. Farmer characteristics, supporting factors, and farmer access to information affect farmer learning patterns.

Adaptivity of sweet pepper varieties cultivated in the Astrakhan region

In agricultural production, it is important not only to achieve a high productivity, but also to ensure its stability. To obtain high and stable yields, it is necessary to have information on the adaptability of crops varieties and hybrids to a specific cultivation zone. The article analyzes the results of the field experiment on the variety testing of sweet pepper. To assess the variety for adaptability to natural conditions and cultivation technology in the Astrakhan region, such parameters as plasticity and stability of the variety were used. To characterize the ecological plasticity, the regression coefficient bi was determined, which characterizes response of the cultivar to changes in cultivation conditions. To characterize the parameter of stability, the standard deviation from the regression line 2d. was calculated. All calculations were carried out according to S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Russell as presented by V.Z. Pakudin.