Effect of benzylpenicillin sodium salt on the species composition of activated sludge biocenosis

Видовой состав активного ила зависит от множества абиотических и биотических факторов. На сегодняшний день появилась проблема возникновения в сточных водах остатков фармацевтических препаратов, которые негативно влияют на организмы активного ила, осуществляющего биологическую очистку воды. Лекарственными средствами, вызывающими нарушения метаболизма активного ила и приводящими к снижению степени очистки воды, являются антибиотики. Эти вещества снижают выживаемость и размножение некоторых видов организмов, а также приводят к развитию резистентности у бактерий. Приведены результаты исследований по воздействию бензилпенициллина натриевой соли на гидробионты активного ила при однократном и многократном воздействии в течение 72 часов. Проведена оценка общих свойств ила – цвет, запах, возможность вспухания, седиментационные свойства. Для исследования биоценоза ила использовали метод «раздавленная капля» при увеличении ×1000. При анализе микроскопических препаратов учитывали количество гидробионтов активного ила и их общее состояние. В качестве индикаторных организмов использовали следующие виды: амебы голые Amoeba, раковинные Testacea, жгутиковые Flagellata, коловратки Rotaria, инфузории Vaginicola,Epistylis и Aspidisca, черви Nematoda и Oligоchaeta, тихоходки, нитчатые бактерии. Полученные данные свидетельствовали об удовлетворительной работе активного ила в условиях эксперимента. Однако при многократном добавлении бензилпенициллина натриевой соли возможно ухудшение процессов нитрификации. The species composition of activated sludge depends on many abiotic and biotic factors. To date, there is a problem of the presence of trace pharmaceuticals in wastewater that negatively affect the organisms of activated sludge performing biological water treatment. Antibiotics are drugs that cause disturbances in the metabolism of activated sludge and lead to a decrease in the level of water treatment. These substances inhibit the survival and reproduction of some types of organisms, and also result in the development of resistance in bacteria. The results of studies on the effect of benzylpenicillin sodium salt on hydrobionts of activated sludge with single and repeated exposure within 72 hours are presented. The general properties of the sludge – color, smell, bulking, sedimentation – were estimated. To study the sludge biocenosis, we used the «crushed drop» method with a magnification of ×1000. While analyzing the microscopic slides, the number of hydrobionts of activated sludge and their general condition were taken into account. The following species were used as indicator organisms: naked amoeba Amoeba, testate Testacea, flagellate Flagellata, rotifers Rotaria, infusoria Vaginicola, Epistylis and Aspidisca, worms Nematodaand Oligоchaeta, tardigrades, filamentous bacteria. The obtained data testified to the satisfactory operation of the activated sludge under the experimental conditions. However, with repeated addition of benzylpenicillin sodium salt, the nitrification processes may deteriorate.

Changes in the Structure of the Benzylpenicillin Sodium Salt Molecule under the Pulsed Magnetic Field

The study aims at the Fourier spectra of an antibiotic exposed to a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field. The applied frequency was f = 40 kHz, with a number of pulses n = 1, at intensities of the pulsed magnetic field H = 0.09 × 106 А/m, Н = 0.50 × 106 А/m, Н = 0.82 × 106 А/m. It was assumed that under the conditions of the pulsed magnetic field there might be a change in the structure of the drug molecule. The research has revealed that an increase in the pulsed magnetic field power leads first to a decrease in the intensity of the band in the Fourier spectrum, and then to its increase. In addition, changes were recorded in the amide group of benzylpenicillin sodium salt molecules depending on the intensity of the pulsed magnetic field applied to the antibiotic.

Investigation of safety applications benzylpenicillin sodium salt after exposure to a pulsed magnetic field

Pulsed magnetic fields are widely used in various fields of modern technology. In our previous works it was shown the strengthening of antibacterial properties of benzylpenicillin sodium salt after exposure to a pulsed magnetic field of high tension. The reason for this may be a change in the conformation of β-lactam antibiotics under external physical influence, which increases the affinity of benzylpenicillin molecules to the active center of penicillin-binding proteins. This article presents studies on the safety of benzylpenicillin sodium salt irradiated by a pulsed magnetic field. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt in powdered form was irradiated with a pulsed magnetic field with the intensity H = (0.09∙106-1.23∙106) A/m, frequency f = 30-70 kHz, and a different number of pulses (n = 1-3), using inductors – single-turn and multi-turn. The influence of pulsed magnetic field on chemiluminescence parameters of irradiated benzylpenicillin sodium salt was studied. The appearance of free radicals in irradiated preparations was evaluated in simple model systems simulating the most common free radical oxidation reactions in the body and in environments in which the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation reactions was initiated. Acute toxicity in intraperitoneal administration of antibiotic to mice before and after treatment with pulsed electromagnetic field with calculation and comparison of LD50 indices was also investigated. It was found that the treatment of the dry substance benzylpenicillin sodium salt by a pulsed magnetic field does not cause the formation of free radicals and is not accompanied by an increase in the toxicity of this antibiotic. The possibility of using new ways to increase the antibacterial activity of antibiotics without increasing their concentrations is considered.

Phagedenic ulcer of the chancre in young woman

The literature data on such severe and rare complications of chancre in primary syphilis as gangrene and phagedenic ulcer, that developing normally in the background of immunodeficiency patients, especially in alcoholics, are presented. Infection and the development of chancre significantly change the clinical manifestations of primary syphilis, which can lead to diagnostic errors. The clinical observation of the patient suffering from alcoholism, which had a diagnosis ofprimary syphilis chancre on the basis of complicated phagedenic ulcer, regional lymphadenitis, positive serological reactions, acute reaction to the beginning of specific treatment, is presented. The treatment with Benzylpenicillin sodium was performed and led to the scarring of the chancre.