The action of different doses of benzylpenicillin sodium salt in milk on streptosan ferment

Видовой состав активного ила зависит от множества абиотических и биотических факторов. На сегодняшний день появилась проблема возникновения в сточных водах остатков фармацевтических препаратов, которые негативно влияют на организмы активного ила, осуществляющего биологическую очистку воды. Лекарственными средствами, вызывающими нарушения метаболизма активного ила и приводящими к снижению степени очистки воды, являются антибиотики. Эти вещества снижают выживаемость и размножение некоторых видов организмов, а также приводят к развитию резистентности у бактерий. Приведены результаты исследований по воздействию бензилпенициллина натриевой соли на гидробионты активного ила при однократном и многократном воздействии в течение 72 часов. Проведена оценка общих свойств ила – цвет, запах, возможность вспухания, седиментационные свойства. Для исследования биоценоза ила использовали метод «раздавленная капля» при увеличении ×1000. При анализе микроскопических препаратов учитывали количество гидробионтов активного ила и их общее состояние. В качестве индикаторных организмов использовали следующие виды: амебы голые Amoeba, раковинные Testacea, жгутиковые Flagellata, коловратки Rotaria, инфузории Vaginicola,Epistylis и Aspidisca, черви Nematoda и Oligоchaeta, тихоходки, нитчатые бактерии. Полученные данные свидетельствовали об удовлетворительной работе активного ила в условиях эксперимента. Однако при многократном добавлении бензилпенициллина натриевой соли возможно ухудшение процессов нитрификации. The species composition of activated sludge depends on many abiotic and biotic factors. To date, there is a problem of the presence of trace pharmaceuticals in wastewater that negatively affect the organisms of activated sludge performing biological water treatment. Antibiotics are drugs that cause disturbances in the metabolism of activated sludge and lead to a decrease in the level of water treatment. These substances inhibit the survival and reproduction of some types of organisms, and also result in the development of resistance in bacteria. The results of studies on the effect of benzylpenicillin sodium salt on hydrobionts of activated sludge with single and repeated exposure within 72 hours are presented. The general properties of the sludge – color, smell, bulking, sedimentation – were estimated. To study the sludge biocenosis, we used the «crushed drop» method with a magnification of ×1000. While analyzing the microscopic slides, the number of hydrobionts of activated sludge and their general condition were taken into account. The following species were used as indicator organisms: naked amoeba Amoeba, testate Testacea, flagellate Flagellata, rotifers Rotaria, infusoria Vaginicola, Epistylis and Aspidisca, worms Nematodaand Oligоchaeta, tardigrades, filamentous bacteria. The obtained data testified to the satisfactory operation of the activated sludge under the experimental conditions. However, with repeated addition of benzylpenicillin sodium salt, the nitrification processes may deteriorate.

Download Full-text

Investigation of safety applications benzylpenicillin sodium salt after exposure to a pulsed magnetic field

Butlerov Communications ◽

10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-6-123 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (6) ◽

pp. 123-129

Author(s):

Natalia A. Rodenko ◽

◽

Tatiana I. Vasilieva ◽

Peter Р. Purygin ◽

Irina A. Belyaeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

Intraperitoneal Administration ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Free Radical Oxidation ◽

The Body ◽

Model Systems ◽

Pulsed Magnetic Field ◽

Benzylpenicillin Sodium

Pulsed magnetic fields are widely used in various fields of modern technology. In our previous works it was shown the strengthening of antibacterial properties of benzylpenicillin sodium salt after exposure to a pulsed magnetic field of high tension. The reason for this may be a change in the conformation of β-lactam antibiotics under external physical influence, which increases the affinity of benzylpenicillin molecules to the active center of penicillin-binding proteins. This article presents studies on the safety of benzylpenicillin sodium salt irradiated by a pulsed magnetic field. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt in powdered form was irradiated with a pulsed magnetic field with the intensity H = (0.09∙106-1.23∙106) A/m, frequency f = 30-70 kHz, and a different number of pulses (n = 1-3), using inductors – single-turn and multi-turn. The influence of pulsed magnetic field on chemiluminescence parameters of irradiated benzylpenicillin sodium salt was studied. The appearance of free radicals in irradiated preparations was evaluated in simple model systems simulating the most common free radical oxidation reactions in the body and in environments in which the formation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation reactions was initiated. Acute toxicity in intraperitoneal administration of antibiotic to mice before and after treatment with pulsed electromagnetic field with calculation and comparison of LD50 indices was also investigated. It was found that the treatment of the dry substance benzylpenicillin sodium salt by a pulsed magnetic field does not cause the formation of free radicals and is not accompanied by an increase in the toxicity of this antibiotic. The possibility of using new ways to increase the antibacterial activity of antibiotics without increasing their concentrations is considered.

Download Full-text

Changes in the Structure of the Benzylpenicillin Sodium Salt Molecule under the Pulsed Magnetic Field

Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering ◽

10.18287/jbpe21.07.010305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 010305

Author(s):

Natalia Rodenko ◽

Valentina Zhukova ◽

Tatyana Vasilieva ◽

Vladimir Glushchenkov ◽

Irina Belyaeva

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

High Intensity ◽

Fourier Spectrum ◽

Amide Group ◽

Pulsed Magnetic Field ◽

Drug Molecule ◽

Applied Frequency ◽

Fourier Spectra ◽

Benzylpenicillin Sodium

The study aims at the Fourier spectra of an antibiotic exposed to a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field. The applied frequency was f = 40 kHz, with a number of pulses n = 1, at intensities of the pulsed magnetic field H = 0.09 × 106 А/m, Н = 0.50 × 106 А/m, Н = 0.82 × 106 А/m. It was assumed that under the conditions of the pulsed magnetic field there might be a change in the structure of the drug molecule. The research has revealed that an increase in the pulsed magnetic field power leads first to a decrease in the intensity of the band in the Fourier spectrum, and then to its increase. In addition, changes were recorded in the amide group of benzylpenicillin sodium salt molecules depending on the intensity of the pulsed magnetic field applied to the antibiotic.

Download Full-text

Soft ionic liquid based resistive memory characteristics in a two terminal discrete polydimethylsiloxane cylindrical microchannel

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/d0tc03334k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (38) ◽

pp. 13368-13374

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair Khan ◽

Gul Hassan ◽

Jinho Bae

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

Resistive Memory ◽

Cylindrical Microchannel ◽

Memory Characteristics ◽

Poly Acrylic Acid

This paper proposes a novel soft ionic liquid (IL) electrically functional device that displays resistive memory characteristics using poly(acrylic acid) partial sodium salt (PAA-Na+:H2O) solution gel and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cylindrical microchannel.

Download Full-text

No effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic parameters but on lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000642 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jiwoon Kim ◽

Ji Sun Nam ◽

Heejung Kim ◽

Hye Sun Lee ◽

Jung Eun Lee

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Injection Group ◽

Different Doses

Abstract. Background/Aims: Trials on the effects of cholecalciferol supplementation in type 2 diabetes with chronic kidney disease patients were underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different doses of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and metabolic parameters in vitamin D-deficient Korean diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: 92 patients completed this study: the placebo group (A, n = 33), the oral cholecalciferol 1,000 IU/day group (B, n = 34), or the single 200,000 IU injection group (C, n = 25, equivalent to 2,000 IU/day). 52% of the patients had less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 of glomerular filtration rates. Laboratory test and pulse wave velocity were performed before and after supplementation. Results: After 12 weeks, serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the patients who received vitamin D supplementation were significantly increased (A, -2.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. B, 10.7 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. C, 14.6 ± 1.7 ng/mL; p < 0.001). In addition, the lipid profiles in the vitamin D injection group (C) showed a significant decrease in triglyceride and a rise in HDL cholesterol. However, the other parameters showed no differences. Conclusions: Our data indicated that two different doses and routes of vitamin D administration significantly and safely increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations in vitamin D-deficient diabetes patients with comorbid chronic kidney disease. In the group that received the higher vitamin D dose, the lipid profiles showed significant improvement, but there were no beneficial effects on other metabolic parameters.

Download Full-text

Effects of Two Different Doses of Hirudin on APTT, Determined with Eight Different Reagents

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653754 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (02) ◽

pp. 219-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manuel Monreal ◽

Luis Monreal ◽

Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui ◽

Yvonne Espada ◽

Ana Maria Angles ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Anticoagulant Activity ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Ex Vivo Model ◽

Suitable Candidate ◽

Significant Prolongation ◽

High Doses ◽

Different Doses

SummaryThe APTT has been considered the most suitable candidate to monitor the anticoagulant activity of hirudin. However, its use is hampered by problems of standardization, which make the results heavily dependent on the responsiveness of the reagent used. Our aim was to investigate if this different responsiveness of different reagents when added in vitro is to be confirmed in an ex vivo study.Two different doses of r-hirudin (CGP 39393), 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, were administered subcutaneously to 20 New Zealand male rabbits, and the differences in prolongation of APTT 2 and 12 h later were compared, using 8 widely used commercial reagents. All groups exhibited a significant prolongation of APTT 2 h after sc administration of hirudin, both at low and high doses. But this prolongation persisted 12 h later only when the PTTa reagent (Boehringer Mannheim) was used. In general, hirudin prolonged the APTT most with the silica- based reagents.In a further study, we compared the same APTT reagents in an in vitro study in which normal pooled plasma was mixed with increasing amount of hirudin. We failed to confirm a higher sensitivity for silica- containing reagents. Thus, we conclude that subcutaneous administration of hirudin prolongs the APTT most with the silica-based reagents, but this effect is exclusive for the ex vivo model.

Download Full-text

Dose Requirement for Replacement Therapy in Hemophilia A

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1666930 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 42 (03) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Allain

Keyword(s):

Clinical Effect ◽

Hemophilia A ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Severe Hemophilia ◽

Dose Requirement ◽

Viii Level ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Vivo Recovery ◽

Different Doses

SummaryIn order to determine the correlation between different doses of F. VIII and their clinical effect,. 70 children with severe hemophilia A were studied after treatment with single doses of cryoprecipitate. The relationship between plasma F. VIII levels or doses calculated in u/ kg of body weight and clinical results followed an exponential curve. Plasma F. VIII levels of 0.35 and 0.53 u/ml corresponded to 95 and 99% satisfactory treatment, respectively. Similar clinical results were obtained with 20 and 31 u/kg. When the in vivo recovery of F. VIII after lyophilized cryoprecipitate was 0.015 u/ml for each u/kg injected, plasma F. VIII levels of 0.30 and 0.47 u/ml respectively were achieved. Since home treatment is largely based on single infusions of F. VIII, it is suggested that moderate and severe hemorrhages be treated with a dose which will provide a plasma F. VIII level of 0.5 u/ml.

Download Full-text

Clearance and In Vivo Release by Heparin of Human Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) in the Rabbit

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661162 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (02) ◽

pp. 157-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M Prosdocimi ◽

N Scattolo ◽

A Zatta ◽

F Fabris ◽

F Stevanato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Half Life ◽

Human Platelet ◽

Slow Component ◽

Platelet Factor 4 ◽

Platelet Factor ◽

In Vivo Release ◽

Partial Release ◽

Different Doses ◽

New Zealand Rabbits

Summary13 male New Zealand rabbits were injected with two different doses (25 μg/Kg and 100 μg/Kg) of human platelet factor 4 antigen (PF4). The disappearance of the protein was extremely fast with an half-life for the fast component of 1.07 ± 0.16 and 1.76 ± 0.11 min respectively. The half-life for the slow component, detectable only with the highest dosage, was 18.8 min.The administration of 2500 I.U. of heparin 30 min after PF4 administration induced a partial release of the injected protein and its clearance from plasma was slow, with half-life of 23.3 ± 5.9 min and 30.9 ± 2.19 min respectively.

Download Full-text

Melatonin actions in the heart; more than a hormone

Melatonin Research ◽

10.32794/mr11250002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darío Acuña-Castroviejo ◽

Maria T Noguiera-Navarro ◽

Russel J Reiter ◽

Germaine Escames

Keyword(s):

Cell Membranes ◽

Myocardial Cell ◽

Rat Tissues ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Broad Distribution ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

High Doses ◽

Extrapineal Melatonin ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Different Doses

Due to the broad distribution of extrapineal melatonin in multiple organs and tissues, we analyzed the presence and subcellular distribution of the indoleamine in the heart of rats. Groups of sham-operated and pinealectomized rats were sacrificed at different times along the day, and the melatonin content in myocardial cell membranes, cytosol, nuclei and mitochondria, were measured. Other groups of control animals were treated with different doses of melatonin to monitor its intracellular distribution. The results show that melatonin levels in the cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria vary along the day, without showing a circadian rhythm. Pinealectomized animals trend to show higher values than sham-operated rats. Exogenous administration of melatonin yields its accumulation in a dose-dependent manner in all subcellular compartments analyzed, with maximal concentrations found in cell membranes at doses of 200 mg/kg bw melatonin. Interestingly, at dose of 40 mg/kg b.w, maximal concentration of melatonin was reached in the nucleus and mitochondrion. The results confirm previous data in other rat tissues including liver and brain, and support that melatonin is not uniformly distributed in the cell, whereas high doses of melatonin may be required for therapeutic purposes.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0630325 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 325-337

Author(s):

Carl-Johan Göthe

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Lymphatic System ◽

The Body ◽

Lung Weight ◽

Lung Clearance ◽

Dust Transport ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Quartz Dust ◽

Different Doses ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

Download Full-text