Influence of a complex of agrotechnical methods on yield qualities of F1 seeds of the hybrid Fakel in progeny (report II)

The researches were conducted on fields of a farm “Berezanskoe”, Korenovsk district, Krasnodar region. Size of a plot is equal to 112 sq. м, in three replications. The object of the research was F1 seeds of interlinear sunflower hybrid Fakel produced in 2020 with different positive modifications on a hybridization plot. The seed were planted in 2021 to estimate impact of the positive modifications (methods) on yield and quality seeds of the hybrid Fakel in progeny. Two sowing rates (60 and 80 thousand per a га) were used to realize fully a yield potential of the hybrid. A certain positive impact was fixed in variants with application of biological protection measures and microbiological fertilizers during plants vegetative period. Yield increase was 0.02 t per ha. Increase of oil content and oil yield of the hybrids Fakel in progeny under different positive modifications was insignificant: 0.2–0.3% and 0.01–0.02 t per ha, respectively. Application of biological protection measures and microbiological fertilizer during the vegetative period of plants on the hybridization in 2020 contributed in a profitability increase by 6% when sowing F1 seed in 2021 with sowing rate of 80 thousand seed per ha.

Convergent mosaic brain evolution is associated with the evolution of novel electrosensory systems in teleost fishes

Brain region size generally scales allometrically with total brain size, but mosaic shifts in brain region size independent of brain size have been found in several lineages and may be related to the evolution of behavioral novelty. African weakly electric fishes (Mormyroidea) evolved a mosaically enlarged cerebellum and hindbrain, yet the relationship to their behaviorally novel electrosensory system remains unclear. We addressed this by studying South American weakly electric fishes (Gymnotiformes) and weakly electric catfishes (Synodontis spp.), which evolved varying aspects of electrosensory systems, independent of mormyroids. If the mormyroid mosaic increases are related to evolving an electrosensory system, we should find similar mosaic shifts in gymnotiforms and Synodontis. Using micro-computed tomography scans, we quantified brain region scaling for multiple electrogenic, electroreceptive, and non-electrosensing species. We found mosaic increases in cerebellum in all three electrogenic lineages relative to non-electric lineages and mosaic increases in torus semicircularis and hindbrain associated with the evolution of electrogenesis and electroreceptor type. These results show that evolving novel electrosensory systems is repeatedly and independently associated with changes in the sizes of individual brain regions independent of brain size, which suggests that selection can impact structural brain composition to favor specific regions involved in novel behaviors.

Characteristics of landslide path dependency revealed through multiple resolution landslide inventories in the Nepal Himalaya

Recent research in Umbria, Italy, has shown that landslide susceptibility is controlled by a process called path-dependency, which describes how past landslides control the locations of future landslides. To date, landslide path-dependency has only been characterised in Italy. This raises the question of whether this process occurs in other geomorphic settings, and thus whether path-dependency should be more universally included in landslide susceptibility assessments. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to investigate and quantify landslide path dependency in the Nepal Himalaya. This is achieved by applying several path dependent metrics to three monsoon-triggered landslide inventories for the central-eastern Nepal Himalaya. These inventories were developed at two different spatial and temporal resolutions. As such, we aim not just to quantify landslide path-dependency, but also assess whether path dependency characteristics are resolution-dependent. We find strong evidence that landslide path dependency is occurring in Nepal, with all three inventories having more overlap between past and new landslides than expected from a random distribution, and a tentative observation that the expected degree of overlap between landslides decreases with time. Finally, whilst path-dependency is observable across both of the investigated inventory resolutions, we find that the rates and magnitudes of the quantified path dependent metrics are sensitive to inventory length, study region size and the size/type of landslides mapped. Overall, our results corroborate the path-dependency observations from Italy, confirming that this process does occur in other geomorphic settings, and thus suggesting that path-dependency should be explicitly and universally considered in landslide susceptibility approaches.

Identifikasi Karakteristik Citra Berdasarkan pada Nilai Entropi dan Kontras

Determining the object boundaries in an image is a necessary process, to identify the boundaries of an object with other objects as well as to define an object in the image. The acquired image is not always in good condition, on the other hand there is a lot of noise and blur. Various edge detection methods have been developed by providing noise parameters to reduce noise, and adding a blur parameter but because these parameters apply to the entire image, but lossing some edges due to these parameters. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the image region, whether the region condition is noise, blurry or otherwise sharp (clear). The step is done by dividing the four regions from the image size, then calculating the entropy value and contrast value of each formed region. The test results show that changes in region size can produce different characteristics, this is indicated by entropy and contrast values ​​of each formed region. Thus it can be concluded that entropy and contrast can be used as a way to identify image characteristics, and dividing the image into regions provides more detailed image characteristics.

AstroSat observation of the HBL 1ES 1959+650 during its October 2017 flaring

We present the results of the X-ray flaring activity of 1ES 1959+650 during October 25-26, 2017 using AstroSat observations. The source was variable in the X-ray. We investigated the evolution of the X-ray spectral properties of the source by dividing the total observation period (∼130 ksecs) into time segments of 5 ksecs, and fitting the SXT and LAXPC spectra for each segment. Synchrotron emission of a broken power-law particle density model provided a better fit than the log-parabola one. The X-ray flux and the normalised particle density at an energy less than the break one, were found to anti-correlate with the index before the break. However, a stronger correlation between the density and index was obtained when a delay of ∼60 ksec was introduced. The amplitude of the normalised particle density variation |Δnγ/nγ| ∼ 0.1 was found to be less than that of the index ΔΓ ∼ 0.5. We model the amplitudes and the time delay in a scenario where the particle acceleration time-scale varies on a time-scale comparable to itself. In this framework, the rest frame acceleration time-scale is estimated to be ∼1.97 × 105 secs and the emission region size to be ∼6.73 × 1015 cms.

Close binary black hole in a radio-quiet quasar: a candidate of Nano-Hertz gravitational wave emitter

Close supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) with separations less than about 0.1 parsec are expected to be Nano-Hertz gravitational wave sources. SMBBH systems should exhibit periodic variability. However, periodic variability in radio-loud quasars may be interpreted with the jet model. Here we report the detection of a robust periodic signal in the optical variability of the radio-quiet quasar PG 0923+201 with an observed period of 726.8±4.7 days, obtained from the sinusoid-like light curve of a temporal baseline of about 9 years. This periodicity is probably from a close SMBBH with a total mass of 109.3 solar masses and a separation of about 0.01 parsec, implying relativistic orbital speeds. Such a system has passed through the well-known “final parsec problem” of SMBBH systems, and the Nano-Hertz gravitational wave radiation becomes significant. The ratio of the separation between these two black holes to the broad-line region size is about 0.1. A close SMBBH is also suggested by this small ratio and the spectral properties of Balmer broad lines in this quasar. This radio-quiet quasar is a candidate emitter of Nano-Hertz gravitational waves at a frequency of about 30 Nano-Hertz.