Influence of inbound and outbound open innovation practices on performance of firms: an evidence from Indian product SMEs

Purpose This study aims to analyze the influence of inbound and outbound open innovation practices on firm performance among Indian product small and medium-sized enterprises. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach is adopted. The data is collected from 213 decision-makers of software product firms through an online survey using the criteria-based snowball sampling method. The data is processed in IBM SPSS 23.0 and analyzed using multiple regression. Findings Collaboration with customers and purchasing intellectual property rights (IPR) are the key inbound practices that positively influence firm performance. Outbound innovation practices such as selling out IPR and spin-off influence firm performance negatively and positively, respectively. Inbound open innovation practice such as trade show participation helps in product development and outbound open innovation practice such as spin-off helps in product development. Originality/value The study analyses the influences of inbound and outbound open innovation practices on firm performance among software product firms in emerging economies. The research outcomes have vast implications for theory and practitioners.

Export-Import Performance of Major Agricultural Commodities in India

Recent trends in the international trade scenario and related shifts in India’s foreign trade policy have had far-reaching consequences for India’s general agricultural sector and, in particular, for agricultural exports. The Indian product of agriculture has played an important part in the global product of agriculture. For many agricultural commodities, India used to be the key export spot. The present study established the growth and output of agricultural exports from India during the time (2000-2019). India is the top tenth exporter of agricultural products in the world. Top exports comprise sugar, beef, rice, and shrimp. Export of principal agricultural products including rice, wheat, sugar, cotton, fruits, and vegetables are ‘free’ whereas export of pulses (excluding chickpea) and edible vegetable oil in bulk (excluding coconut and rice bran oils) are ‘restricted’ to meet domestic demand. Indian agricultural exports have increased, but the proportion of agricultural exports to the country’s overall exports has decreased. The research also explores the evolving behavior of the allocation of each category of commodities to the overall agricultural export basket. It covers the major agricultural products/crops which, over different periods, contribute to the maximum share of total agricultural exports (2000-2019). Higher agricultural exports would mean better price realization for farmers, increased awareness regarding good agricultural practices, and consequently thrust for quality also.

Pharmaco-economics Study: A cost variation analysis of various statin preparations available in Nepali market

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the greatest risk factors contributing to prevalence and severity of cardiovascular diseases. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins have proven efficacy in reduction of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we aim to find out the variation in cost of commercially available statin products in Nepal. Methods: The price of different statin products with same formulation and strength was obtained from various medicine importers and distributors inside Kathmandu valley, Pokhara and Chitwan. Percentage of cost variation and cost ratio was calculated. Results: High percentage of cost variation was observed among Indian product with Atorvastatin 10 mg (898.8% Cost ratio: 9.98) followed by Atorvastatin 20mg (894.52% Cost ratio: 9.94). Least percentage of cost variation was observed with Nepal manufactured Atorvastatin 5mg (49.62 Cost ratio: 1.49). Conclusion: There is a wide percentage of cost variation with available statins in the Nepali market. Regulation of drug price by concerned agencies and by government should be a national priority. Rational drug prescription with low cost is important for treatment adherence and disease outcome

Orthodox Tea Production and Its Contribution in Nepal

Orthodox tea is a major export oriented cash crop farming of eastern hilly districts of Nepal. Both tea estate garden and small farmers are involving in tea farming. This article is the outcome of both desk top and field study conducted between the months of June and August 2009. The study found that small farmers sell their green tea leaves mainly to locally established tea processing industries. Tea processing industries have strong role in fixing the price of green tea leaves so that small farmers gain a regular commercial income and also ensure local employment. Production is therefore increasing both at the small farmer’s level as well as at the level of the organized tea estates. Exporting tea to India and overseas countries is potentially a good source of revenue generation; however, there is no developed organized system for marketing beyond India. Most of the output goes directly to India and is sold as an Indian product in the international market.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v8i0.11510 The Third Pole: Journal of Geography Vol.8-10, pp. 34-42: 2010