Study of reduction of iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) concents in leachate using electrocoagulation method with aluminum (Al) electrode

Leachate can be defined as the liquid resulting from the decomposition of waste and infiltration of rainwater in the landfill. Leachate has unique characteristics, it has a high content of organic, metals, acids, dissolved salts and microorganisms and due to the complex leachate content it requires processing in treating leachate. Electrocoagulation is one of technology that can be applied to remove organic and heavy metal content in leachate. In this study, it was seen how the effect of voltage and contact time using aluminum electrodes on decreasing the concentration of Fe, Cu and Pb in leachate then calculating the reduction efficiency of Fe, Cu and Pb. The treatment of electric voltages given in this study were 4, 8 and 12 volts with a contact time of 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The results showed metal removal reached 0.030 mg/L, 0.007 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L and with efficiencies of 99.476%, 99.364% and 98.214% for Fe, Cu and Pb parameters. The decrease in metal content by 21.8% is influenced by voltage and 3.74% is influenced by the contact time when tested using the Pearson Correlation Test. These results indicate that the leachate treatment process with electrocoagulation processing has great efficiency.

Electrically conductive Covalent Organic Frameworks: Bridging the Fields of Organic Metals and 2D Materials

The discovery of organic metals in 1970s opened the door to the design of electrical devices based on traditionally inert (insulating) organic materials. More recently, demonstration of record-high charge mobility...

Resistivity bound for hydrodynamic bad metals

We obtain a rigorous upper bound on the resistivity ρ of an electron fluid whose electronic mean free path is short compared with the scale of spatial inhomogeneities. When such a hydrodynamic electron fluid supports a nonthermal diffusion process—such as an imbalance mode between different bands—we show that the resistivity bound becomes ρ≲AΓ. The coefficient A is independent of temperature and inhomogeneity lengthscale, and Γ is a microscopic momentum-preserving scattering rate. In this way, we obtain a unified mechanism—without umklapp—for ρ∼T2 in a Fermi liquid and the crossover to ρ∼T in quantum critical regimes. This behavior is widely observed in transition metal oxides, organic metals, pnictides, and heavy fermion compounds and has presented a long-standing challenge to transport theory. Our hydrodynamic bound allows phonon contributions to diffusion constants, including thermal diffusion, to directly affect the electrical resistivity.