Evolutionary learning in the brain by heterosynaptic plasticity

The way in which the brain modifies synapses to improve the performance of complicated networks remains one of the biggest mysteries in neuroscience. Existing proposals lack sufficient experimental support, and neglect inter-cellular signaling pathways ubiquitous in the brain. Here we show that the heterosynaptic plasticity between hippocampal or cortical pyramidal cells mediated by diffusive nitric oxide and astrocyte calcium wave, together with flexible dendritic gating of somatostatin interneurons, implies an evolutionary algorithm (EA). In simulation, this EA is able to train deep networks with biologically plausible binary weights in MNIST classification and Atari-game playing tasks up to performance comparable with continuous-weight networks trained by gradient-based methods. Our work leads paradigmatically fresh understanding of the brain learning mechanism.

On isomorphisms between weighted -algebras

Let G be a locally compact group and let $\omega $ be a continuous weight on G. In this paper, we first characterize bicontinuous biseparating algebra isomorphisms between weighted $L^p$ -algebras. As a result, we extend previous results of Edwards, Parrott, and Strichartz on algebra isomorphisms between $L^p$ -algebras to the setting of weighted $L^p$ -algebras. We then study the automorphisms of certain weighted $L^p$ -algebras on integers, applying known results on composition operators to classical function spaces.

Bipositive Isomorphisms Between Beurling Algebras and Between their Second Dual Algebras

Let G be a locally compact group and let ω be a continuous weight on G. We show that for each of the Banach algebras L1(G,ω ), M(G,ω ), LUC(G,ω -1)*, and L1(G, ω)**, the order structure combined with the algebra structure determines the weighted group.

Synthesis and Characterization of the Adducts of Morpholinedithioccarbamate Complexes of Oxovanadium (IV), Nickel(II), and Copper(II) with Piperidine and Morpholine

A series of 1:1 adducts of bis(morpholinedithiocarbamato) complex of VO(IV), 1:1 and 1:2 adducts of bis(morpholinedithiocarbamato) complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) with piperidine and morpholine have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR, UV-Vis, and TGA/DTA techniques. Analytical data reveals that VO(IV) complex forms only 1:1 adducts with the formula [VO(morphdtc)2L].H2O while Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes form both 1:1 and 1:2 adducts with 1:1 adducts having general formula Ni(morphdtc)2.L and Cu(morphdtc)2.L and 1:2 adducts having general formula Ni(morphdtc)2.L2and Cu(morphdtc)2.L2(morphdtc = morpholinedithiocarbamate, L = morpholine and piperidine). Antifungal activity of some complexes has been carried out against the fungal strainFusarium oxysporium. Thermal studies indicate a continuous weight loss. A square pyramidal geometry has been proposed for the 1:1 adducts of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes while an octahedral geometry has been proposed for the 1:1 adducts of VO(IV) and for the 1:2 adducts of Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes.