«Nomenclature embryo»: the birth of the Soviet nomenclature system in SSRB – BSSR (1920–1924)

The article considers the process of origin in 1920–1924 of the nomenclature system in the Soviet Belarus as an immanent phenomenon of the Soviet model of modernization of society with its inherent monopolization of power of the monopolistically ruling Communist party. These issues are considered in more detail in relation to public authorities and management, where the nomenclature principle of substitution of elections by appointment is most clearly implemented. The party nomenclature, on the one hand, was a logical product of this model; on the other hand, it allowed it not only to persist for a long time, but also to solve both strategic and tactical development tasks with varying degrees of efficiency. The author comes to the conclusion that by the end of 1924, all the basic prerequisites for the organizational design of the classical Soviet nomenclature system were created. Firstly, during this period, the principle of monopoly of the Bolshevik party in determining the personnel composition of state authorities and management, including the occupation of elected positions, was consolidated. Secondly, a system of accounting and distribution bodies for all party cadres is being formed and this mechanism is actually being extended to all power structures. Third, a list of positions is being formed that, from the point of view of the highest party and Soviet leadership, enable it to manage and control all spheres of societyʼs life in its movement towards the socialist ideal.

Cultural competency and the reproduction of White supremacy in occupational therapy education

Background: In this two-part paper, critical race theory is used as an analytic tool to examine how anti-Blackness, anti-Indigenous colonial relations and Orientalism have and continue to influence the ways in which occupational therapy is taught and practised in Canada. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to incite reflection on the ongoing oppressive narratives that pervade occupational therapy education and support culturally unsafe practices. Methods: Through the lenses of liberal multiculturalism, liberal recognition politics and neoliberal capitalism, the author demonstrates how notions of ‘cultural competency’ are the logical product of an institutionalised racism that functions as a tool for the reproduction of White supremacy and racism in healthcare and healthcare education. Conclusions: Findings challenge the ongoing use of cultural competency frameworks in healthcare systems and education and propose a radical shift towards critical and structural frameworks.

Multiclassification by Double-Negative Aggregation of SVM Membership

Multiclassification problems are often binarized into pairwise classifications to use basic classification such as support vector machines (SVM). Instead of the widely used aggregation by fuzzy logical product, we propose simple double-negative aggregation, in which the membership functions use margin areas of SVM discrimination functions, and memberships of negative votes of the class are accumulated to produce the negative membership of the class. This provides results consistent with basic pairwise memberships, enumerates candidates when the total membership of multiple classes is nearly equal, and requires low computational cost in class reconfiguration.