superoxide scavenger
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2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9763
Author(s):  
Naris Thengchaisri ◽  
Travis W. Hein ◽  
Yi Ren ◽  
Lih Kuo

Protein kinase C (PKC) activation can evoke vasoconstriction and contribute to coronary disease. However, it is unclear whether PKC activation, without activating the contractile machinery, can lead to coronary arteriolar dysfunction. The vasoconstriction induced by the PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) was examined in isolated porcine coronary arterioles. The PDBu-evoked vasoconstriction was sensitive to a broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor but not affected by inhibiting PKCβ2 or Rho kinase. After exposure of the vessels to a sub-vasomotor concentration of PDBu (1 nmol/L, 60 min), the endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated dilations in response to serotonin and adenosine were compromised but the dilation induced by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside was unaltered. PDBu elevated superoxide production, which was blocked by the superoxide scavenger Tempol. The impaired NO-mediated vasodilations were reversed by Tempol or inhibition of PKCβ2, xanthine oxidase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and Rho kinase but were not affected by a hydrogen peroxide scavenger or inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase and p38 kinase. The PKCβ2 protein was detected in the arteriolar wall and co-localized with endothelial NO synthase. In conclusion, activation of PKCβ2 appears to compromise NO-mediated vasodilation via Rho kinase-mediated JNK signaling and superoxide production from xanthine oxidase, independent of the activation of the smooth muscle contractile machinery.


Author(s):  
Nancy J. Hong ◽  
Agustin Gonzalez-Vicente ◽  
Fara Saez ◽  
Jeffrey L. Garvin

Dahl salt-sensitive rat (SS) kidneys produce less nitric oxide (NO) than those of salt-resistant rats (SR). Thick ascending limb (THAL) NO synthase 3 (NOS3) is a major source of renal NO, and luminal flow enhances its activity. We hypothesized that flow-induced NO is reduced in SS THALs primarily due to NOS uncoupling and diminished NOS3 expression rather than scavenging. Rats were fed normal (NS) or high-salt (HS) diets. We measured flow-induced NO and superoxide in perfused THALs, and performed Western blots of renal outer medullas. For rats on NS, flow-induced NO was 35±6 arbitrary units (AU)/min in SR but only 11±2 AU/min in SS THALs (p<0.008). The superoxide scavenger tempol decreased the difference in flow-induced NO between strains by about 36% (p<0.020). The NOS inhibitor L-NAME decreased flow-induced superoxide 36 ± 8% in SS (p<0.02) but had no effect in SR THALs. NOS3 expression was not different between strains on NS. For rats on HS, the difference in flow-induced NO between strains was enhanced (SR: 44±10 vs SS: 9±2 AU/min; p<0.005). Tempol decreased the difference in flow-induced NO between strains by about 37% (p<0.012). L-NAME did not significantly reduce flow-induced superoxide in either strain. HS increased NOS3 expression in SR but not in SS THALs (p<0.003). We conclude: 1) on NS, flow-induced NO is diminished in SS THALs mainly due to NOS3 uncoupling such that it produces superoxide; and 2) on HS, the difference is enhanced due to failure of SS THALs to increase NOS3 expression.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Marialucia Gallorini ◽  
Anna C. Berardi ◽  
Alessia Ricci ◽  
Cristina Antonetti Lamorgese Passeri ◽  
Susi Zara ◽  
...  

Sustained oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported as the major factors responsible for the failure of tendon healing during rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and rotator cuff disease (RCD). Although, their therapeutic management remains still challenging. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in many pathological conditions, and the overexpression of both CA9 and 12 in inflamed joints has been recently reported. Consequently, a selective CA9/12 inhibition could be a feasible strategy for improving tendon recovery after injury. In addition, since carbon monoxide (CO) has been proven to have an important role in modulating inflammation, CO releasing molecules (CORMs) can be also potentially suitable compounds. The present study aims at evaluating five newly synthesized dual-mode acting CA inhibitors (CAIs)-CORMs compounds, belonging to two chemical scaffolds, on tendon-derived human primary cells under H2O2 stimulation in comparison with Meloxicam. Our results show that compounds 2 and 7 are the most promising of the series in counteracting oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and display a better profile in terms of enhanced viability, decreased LDH release, and augmented tenocyte proliferation compared to Meloxicam. Moreover, compound 7, as a potent superoxide scavenger, exerts its action inhibiting NF-ĸB translocation and downregulating iNOS, whereas compound 2 is more effective in increasing collagen I deposition. Taken together, our data highlight a potential role of CA in RCTs and RCD and the prospective effectiveness of compounds acting as CAI-CORM during inflammation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 1074-1074
Author(s):  
Gareth W. Davison ◽  
Maria Vinaxia ◽  
Rose McGovern ◽  
Anna Novials ◽  
Xavier Correig ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 1859 ◽  
pp. e38-e39
Author(s):  
Olivier Biner ◽  
Camilla Lundgren ◽  
Dan Sjöstrand ◽  
Martin Högbom ◽  
Christoph von Ballmoos

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1701072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonca Seber ◽  
Jose Muñoz ◽  
Stefania Sandoval ◽  
Concepció Rovira ◽  
Gerard Tobias ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. S4-S5
Author(s):  
A. Ramalingam ◽  
S.B. Budin ◽  
N. Mohd Fauzi ◽  
R.H. Ritchie ◽  
S. Zainalabidin

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