ACQUISITION OF 3D INFORMATION FOR VANISHED STRUCTURE BY USING ONLY AN ANCIENT PICTURE

In order to acquire 3D information for reconstruction of vanished historical structure, grasp of 3D shape of such structure was attempted by using an ancient picture. Generally, 3D information of a structure is acquired by photogrammetric theory which requires two or more pictures. This paper clarifies that the geometrical information of the structure was obtained only from an ancient picture, and 3D information was acquired. This kind of method was applied for an ancient picture of the Old Imperial Theatre. The Old Imperial Theatre in the picture is constituted by two-point perspective. Therefore, estimated value of focal length of camera, length of camera to the Old Imperial Theatre and some parameters were calculated by estimation of field angle, using body height as an index of length and some geometrical information. Consequently, 3D coordinate of 120 measurement points on the surface of the Old Imperial Theatre were calculated respectively, and 3DCG modeling of the Old Imperial Theatre was realized.

ACQUISITION OF 3D INFORMATION FOR VANISHED STRUCTURE BY USING ONLY AN ANCIENT PICTURE

In order to acquire 3D information for reconstruction of vanished historical structure, grasp of 3D shape of such structure was attempted by using an ancient picture. Generally, 3D information of a structure is acquired by photogrammetric theory which requires two or more pictures. This paper clarifies that the geometrical information of the structure was obtained only from an ancient picture, and 3D information was acquired. This kind of method was applied for an ancient picture of the Old Imperial Theatre. The Old Imperial Theatre in the picture is constituted by two-point perspective. Therefore, estimated value of focal length of camera, length of camera to the Old Imperial Theatre and some parameters were calculated by estimation of field angle, using body height as an index of length and some geometrical information. Consequently, 3D coordinate of 120 measurement points on the surface of the Old Imperial Theatre were calculated respectively, and 3DCG modeling of the Old Imperial Theatre was realized.

Improvement and Upgrade of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Beamlines at the Photon Factory

Three small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamlines, BL-6A, BL-10C and new BL-15A2 are available at the Japanese synchrotron facility, Photon Factory (PF). We are recently improving and upgrading the SAXS beamlines at the PF in order to support new measurements and construct a high-throughput experimental system. BL-6A is a bending magnet beamline and the wavelength is fixed at 1.5 angstrom. This beamline had two detectors, PILAUS 300K (Dectris) for SAXS/GI-SAXS and PILATUS 100K (Dectris) for WAXD experiment, respectively, and the simultaneous measurement using these detectors are available. We installed a new experimental stage and replaced PILATUS 300K with PILATUS3 1M in this March. Therefore, the range of an applicable camera length spread to 0.25 ~ 2.5 m, and the detectable angle area expanded in the small-angle region. BL-10A is also a bending magnet beamline and the wavelength has been fixed at 1.488 angstrom. We replaced almost all the optical and experimental components of this beamline with new ones in this March. A fixed-exit double-crystal monochromator, a focusing mirror and a mirror bender were newly installed in this beamline. We will be able to change the energy from 6 to 14 keV. Although the photon flux at the sample position will not change after this upgrade, the area of the beam at the focal point will decrease to 40 % on the basis of the raytracing calculation. The camera length spread from 2 m to 3m in a new experimental stage with the camera tube. PILATUS3 2M and 200K (Dectris) were also installed as a detector. The commissioning will be started from this May, and the beamline will be re-opened from this June. In order to control all new devices and make the user-operation easier, we newly developed GUI software for the beamline control and the experiment. We are also developing the solution sample mixer and changer at BL-15A2 for the high-throughput Bio-SAXS measurement. We will present the current status of these beamline refurbishment.

High-angle annular dark-field imaging on a TEM/STEM system

High-Angle Annular Dark-Field (HAADF) imaging is a technique that brings out compositional contrasts with a sensitivity about 106 times higher than X-ray images, thereby allowing image recording in normal STEM exposure times (a matter of minutes) instead of the time required for X-ray images (usually several hours). The technique uses those electrons that have undergone high-angle scattering. These have Z dependence and are therefore very effective in bringing out compositional contrasts.Much of the HAADF work to date has been performed on dedicated STEMs. However, the technique can be performed as well with the annular Dark-Field detector on several types of TEM/STEM systems. Such systems have the added advantage of camera-length flexibility, providing a range of images with different kinds of information from the same detector.

Electron Diffraction of Wet Biological Membranes

The development of the hydration stages for electron microscopes has opened up the application of electron diffraction in the study of biological membranes. Membrane specimen can now be observed without the artifacts introduced during drying, fixation and staining. The advantages of the electron diffraction technique, such as the abilities to observe small areas and thin specimens, to image and to screen impurities, to vary the camera length, and to reduce data collection time are fully utilized. Here we report our pioneering work in this area.

Microscopy of Hydrated Biological Specimens with JEM 200 Stage (Mark II)

This report presents the results, properties and modifications associated with the dynamically-pumped hydration stage for the JEM 200 first described by Matricardi et al. The new stage (Mark II, see Fig. 1) was built which locates the specimen position above the objective lens polepiece as opposed to the Mark I, which located it in the polepiece gap. The advantages associated with the Mark II are: 1. the long camera length allowing us to take low angle diffraction patterns (400 Å), 2. a manometer and thermocouple measuring the pressure and the temperature at the specimen position, 3. greater long-term thermal stability than that available on the Mark I since the objective lens excitation current has been decreased (120 mA instead of 330 mA required for normal viewing), 4. ease of removal of the stage within 10 minutes, 5. straight-line specimen insertion allowing only a 30 second lapse to occur between insertion and viewing, 6. specimen can be translated in order to examine most of the grid. The resolution is of the order of 40 Å, and the diffraction pattern is sharp but limited to 2 Å.