Biocomputational Screening and Pharmacological Studies of Gymnema sylvester in Contrast to Human CCR5 and CXCR4 Chemokine Receptors

Viral diseases have remained a major global threat regardless of significant advances in therapeutic and treatment strategies. The advancement of viral resistance to drugs, along with several side effects, has resulted in critical medical issues, especially when administered in combination for extended treatment periods. Natural product-based therapies for the health of humans are associated with lower toxicity and fewer side effects. Virtual in-silico screening has been shown to be effective in addressing the unique challenges of antiviral drug development, making the process quicker, safer and less expensive. Novel ligands are evolving as potential agents, which are efficient in blocking virus–cell fusion to surpass the main disadvantages of traditional Highly Active Antiretroviral (HAART) drugs used in HIV-1 infection. The plant Gymnema sylvestre contains various bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. The HIV entry process can be blocked during the binding activity of glycoprotein gp120 viral envelope to one of the two receptors CXCR4 or CCR5 and binding to both the CD4 receptors. The significance of chemokine receptors as an anti- HIV target depends on the fact that they are involved in the entry of the virus into the cell at the early stages. Thus, the HIV/coreceptor relationship has emerged as a key focus for developing new antiviral strategies for the prevention and also treatment of HIV infection. In the present study, the phytochemicals selected from Gymnema sylvestre were subjected to ADME analysis. This was followed by the molecular docking analysis and MD simulation to estimate the selected ligands drug likeness, which may serve as new leads for the cure of HIV-1 infections.

Metabolic Engineering of Bacteria for Food Ingredients

Bacteria produces metabolites and their metabolic pathway can be manipulated to produce good food ingredients. These ingredients includes different amino acids, vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids aroma compounds and bacteriocins. Different genes in different strains of bacteria are identified and harnessed to attain food ingredients and results of manipulation were satisfying. The metabolic pathway of lactic acid bacteria is manipulated to produce amino acids such as L-alanine was produced by silencing the gene that encodes alanine racemase. Moreover, low calorie sugars such as mannitol and tagatose were produced. Lac-lactis is engineered by silencing lacC and lacD genes for the production of tagatose.

A Comprehensive Study on COVID-19 Epidemiology, Anatomical Assemblage and Its Mechanism

The COVID-19, or also called SARS-CoV-2, which is causative agent of probably inevitable disease which is of big global public health problem. COVID-19 is a positive stranded RNA virus that is majorly found in wildlife & humans. And the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is unleashing chaos across the world due to inadequate risk assessment with reference to insistence of problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has enrolled in a critical novel phase. When compared to MERS & SARS, SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted more rapidly, because of increased globalization and adaptation of Novel coronavirus. However, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 showing an immediate requirement for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the different symptoms in COVID-19, SARS, MERS & common flu as well as structure of virus regarding its immune response and we are providing a brief about the Indian traditional plants as conceivable novel therapeutic pathways.