Protocolo de estudo para comparar a influência do uso de contraceptivo injetável nos níveis de proteína C reativa e lipoproteína de baixa densidade oxidada

INTRODUÇÃO: Contraceptivos hormonais são amplamente utilizados em todo o mundo por mulheres para evitar gestação indesejada. Entretanto, pesquisadores sugerem que seu uso contínuo possa provocar efeitos colaterais, como em alteração no perfil lipídico e níveis de Proteína C-reativa (PCR), o que leva à inflamação subclínica e, consequentemente, maior risco cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que o uso contínuo de contraceptivo injetável (CI) altera os níveis de Proteína C reativa e Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade – Oxidada de mulheres aparentemente saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional comparativo de corte transversal, que incluirá mulheres que usam e não usam contraceptivo injetável por pelo menos 6 meses. Serão recrutadas a partir de convites por redes sociais, convites em consultórios médicos e convites em unidades de atendimento em saúde. Serão coletados dados antropométricos e sanguíneos para análise dos critérios de exclusão e a coleta de sangue para mensurar a Proteína C-reativa (PCR) e a Lipoproteína de Baixa Densidade oxidada (LDL-ox). Para as voluntárias, serão apresentadas o Termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foi realizado estudo piloto em que foi obtido 14 participantes e foi feito o cálculo de suficiência amostral para o desfecho primário PCR em que foi considerado um alfa de 0,05 e beta 0,80 para relação entre amostras 1:1 e assim foi estimado 82 participantes. Projeto foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com CAAE: 37695620.5.0000.0042. RESULTADOS ESTIMADOS: Este estudo poderá sugerir um redirecionamento de tomadas de decisão de trabalhadores da saúde no tocante uso de contraceptivos a mulheres com risco cardiovascular.

Slow Medicine and Choosing Wisely: a synergistic alliance

Choosing Wisely® is an initiative of the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation to help physicians and patients engage in conversations about the overuse of tests and procedures and support physician efforts to help patients make smart and effective care choices. Choosing Wisely campaigns are now active and present in 25 countries around the world, on five continents. Italy is the only country where a Choosing Wisely campaign was launched, and it is currently steered by a Nationwide association (Slow Medicine), creating a synergistic alliance. The Slow Medicine Association was founded in 2011 when a group of health professionals and citizens shared a new paradigm of values, methodology, and interventions and decided to establish an association with the mission of working for a health system driven by ethics and quality principles. Three keywords summarize the philosophy of Slow Medicine: measured because it acts with moderation, gradualness, and without waste; respectful because it is attentive to the dignity of individuals recognizing their values; and equitable because it is committed to ensuring appropriate care based on the best available evidence. Slow Medicine allowed the spread of Choosing Wisely in Italy involving several professional societies and participating at the National meetings of the Societies as well as numerous other meetings, in which the mission of the Association is combined with the principle of the ‘do not’ recommendations. Numerous other initiatives were carried out, and new projects were planned in synergy with Choosing Wisely.

Revisão externa das Diretrizes da SBC segundo a ferramenta AGREE II - Precisamos rever nossas Diretrizes?

INTRODUÇÃO: Diretrizes Clínicas devem ser documentos elaborados de forma sistemática que visam em primeiro lugar apoiar com a melhor informação médica disponível a decisão de um paciente e de um profissional de saúde. Adicionalmente também podem ser utilizadas pelo gestor para a formulação de políticas públicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade metodológica de 3 Diretrizes Clínicas da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) segundo uma ferramenta aceita internacionalmente para esta finalidade, e sugerir melhorias na elaboração deste tipo de documento. MÉTODOS: 12 avaliadores independentes (4 por documento) utilizaram a ferramenta AGREE II para avaliar metodologicamente três Diretrizes Clínicas da SBC que abordam assuntos de extrema importância e prevalência na população mundial: Hipertensão Arterial, Diabetes e Dislipidemia. RESULTADOS: Segundo a avaliação das 3 Diretrizes, pelos baixos escores recebidos principalmente nos domínios de Envolvimento das Partes Interessadas, Aplicabilidade da Diretriz e em especial no Rigor do Desenvolvimento, 2 delas foram consideradas com uma metodologia de elaboração insatisfatória. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade metodológica das Diretrizes Clínicas da SBC foi considerada insatisfatória. Sugerimos neste artigo estratégias para aprimorar o processo de elaboração de futuros documentos.

From SARS to COVID-19: lessons we should have learned (but we did not)

In 2002, a severe acute respiratory (SARS) epidemic, caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV), affected a significant number of countries and was interrupted after one year, approximately. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a concern for the whole world, and the end of the pandemic does not appear near. In this article, we briefly discussed the lessons learned by the countries which fought the SARS epidemic and which had succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discussed some of the main points that resulted in failures to handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the Brazilian context, we observed that the federal government delayed the necessary measures to be taken, has been less transparent to disclose health data, neglected the facemask usage mandates and refused the COVID-19 vaccine offerings. Despite the previous coronavirus outbreaks, we are suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic because we did not learn with SARS.

Protocolo de estudo para avaliar função sexual nas mulheres em idade fértil com epilepsia

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of epilepsy in women can trigger social, emotional, and sexual behavior changes. Studies have already shown that women in reproductive years with epilepsy are compromised in daily activities and quality of life due to their specificities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sexual function in women in reproductive years with epilepsy. METHODS: This is a sectional, descriptive and analytical study with a quantitative approach. Two groups of women will be analyzed: exposed group: with epilepsy and non-exposed group: without epilepsy. Data collection will take place by applying socioeconomic, demographic, and clinical questionnaires, Beck anxiety and depression inventory, Whooqol-bref to assess the quality of life, FSFI for sexual function, and FGSIS for the self-image of the genitalia. For data analysis, we will use association tests or verification of differences between parametric and non-parametric groups. In addition, the dependent variable sexual function will be tested for comparison with the independent variables. P <a 0.05 will be considered as a measure of significance. EXPECTED RESULTS: It is expected that factors associated with sexual dysfunction in women of childbearing age with epilepsy can be identified.

Bias and unclear outcomes in clinical trials of diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional analysis of literature

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are well-designed papers that aim to answer questions in the real world. However, sometimes they present missing, dubious and unclear outcomes that make it difficult to apply in practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to evaluate the way and the frequency with which the outcomes in randomized clinical trials of intervention in diabetic retinopathy can be presented in an unclear way to readers. Make an analysis of how these dubious presentations can lead to misinterpretations, why this happens and how they can be remedied. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a search for RCT about DR intervention in PubMed published over the past five years. RESULTS: Seventy RCT were included, 27 in peripheral diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 43 in diabetic macular edema (DME). In the DME group we found 25.6% reporting and publication bias; 34.9% subjective outcomes, 44.1% presented a lack of presentation of the baseline and 51.1% underreporting adverse events. In the PDR group we found 29.6% reporting and publication bias; 44.4% subjective outcomes, 14.8% presented a lack of presentation of the baseline and 62.9% underreporting adverse events. CONCLUSION: In addition to the result bias, we found other forms of publication of unclear outcomes in RCT on DR. Most of them occurred due to disrespect for CONSORT parameters. The reader must be attentive to recognize them and know how they can influence the interpretation of the data.