The Impact of Technological Innovation, Research and Development, and Energy Intensity on Carbon Emissions: An Experience from BRICS and OECD Countries

The impact of technological innovation, research and development, and energy intensity on carbon dioxide emissions is examined in this study. A panel data econometric analysis of relevant variables extracted from the OECD and World Development Indicators databases for 36 OECD and 5 BRICS countries from 2005 to 2018 reveals that the Kao panel cointegration test revealed all countries, BRICS countries, and OECD countries exhibited cointegrated relationships regarding the selected variables. At this point, the correlation matrix shows that none of the independent variables has a strong correlation coefficient with the dependent variable. We also used two regression methods to evaluate the long-run association between the study's variables; the two-stage least square (2SLS) and panel generalized method of moments (GMM) both provide similar results, indicating that they are robust. According to the findings, technological innovation and R&D have a positive association with CO2 emissions, but energy intensity has a negative relationship with CO2 emissions.

Natural Resource Rents-Capital Flight Nexus in Selected ECOWAS Countries: Evidence from Non-Linear ARDL Approach

The challenge of capital flight in the ECOWAS sub-region is worrisome. Huge revenue from natural resources also contributes to the relocation of available resources necessary for the development of the region. The study identifies the revenue from natural resources as a key driver of capital flight in the region. Hence, this study analyzed the effect of natural resource rents on capital flight in ECOWAS countries accounting for the role of asymmetry. Also, the study employed the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to account for short-run and long-run asymmetries. The results revealed the presence of asymmetry in five countries, while two countries displayed symmetric effects. It also showed that the symmetric effect of natural resource rents on capital flight is weak for Guinea and Nigeria in the short-run while the long-run effect is not more pronounced for Nigeria. In the case of asymmetric effect, natural resource rents amplified capital flight in Cape Verde and Sierra Leone. Further evidence shows that the non-linearity of natural resource rents does not encourage capital flight in Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, and Ghana. Hence, the countries should promote transparency and accountability in the management of proceeds from natural resources to enhance development in the region.

Effects of Green Human Resource Management on Employee Green Behavior: Moderating Role of Employee Environmental Knowledge

The study was conducted with an objective of measuring the effects of green human resource management (green HRM) practices on employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior within the context of garments industry in Bangladesh. Moreover, the study tested the moderating effects of employee environmental knowledge on the relationship between green HRM practices and employee on-the-job and off–the-job green behavior. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in order to collect data from the participants. Two hundred and seventy employees working at the managerial level of garments factories in Bangladesh participated in the survey. Moderated regression analysis was employed to test the proposed research model. The study findings revealed that green HRM practices positively and significantly influenced employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior. This findings suggest that employee green behavior displayed both inside and outside the organization stem from the learnings and experiences inside the organization. Employee environmental knowledge was also found to moderate the effects of green HRM practices on employee on-the-job and off-the-job green behavior indicating that green HRM effects are stronger in case of environmentally concerned employees. The study findings provide HR professionals and policy makers with the guidance regarding the promotion of employee green behavior for improving environmental performance.