scholarly journals Short-term Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment on Cerebral Function in Drug-Naive First-Episode Schizophrenia Revealed by “Resting State” Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Lui ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
Lijun Jiang ◽  
Qizhu Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Cerebral Function ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Short-term effects of escitalopram on regional brain function in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
K. Li ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
Y. Zeng ◽  
W. Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
The Right

BackgroundMost knowledge regarding the effects of antidepressant drugs is at the receptor level, distal from the nervous system effects that mediate their clinical efficacy. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study investigated the effects of escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on resting-state brain function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodFourteen first-episode drug-naive MDD patients completed two fMRI scans before and after 8 weeks of escitalopram therapy. Scans were also acquired in 14 matched healthy subjects. Data were analyzed using the regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach.ResultsCompared to controls, MDD patients before treatment demonstrated decreased ReHo in the frontal (right superior frontal gyrus), temporal (left middle and right inferior temporal gyri), parietal (right precuneus) and occipital (left superior occipital gyrus and right cuneus) cortices, and increased ReHo in the left dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus and left anterior lobe of the cerebellum. Compared to the unmedicated state, ReHo in the patients after treatment was decreased in the left dorsal medial prefrontal gyrus, the right insula and the bilateral thalamus, and increased in the right superior frontal gyrus. Compared to controls, patients after treatment displayed a ReHo decrease in the right precuneus and a ReHo increase in the left anterior lobe of the cerebellum.ConclusionsSuccessful treatment with escitalopram may be associated with modulation of resting-state brain activity in regions within the fronto-limbic circuit. This study provides new insight into the effects of antidepressants on functional brain systems in MDD.

scholarly journals Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of memory encoding in relation to achieving remission in first-episode schizophrenia

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bodnar ◽  
Amelie M. Achim ◽  
Ashok K. Malla ◽  
Ridha Joober ◽  
Audrey Benoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundPrevious studies in schizophrenia have shown a strong relationship between memory deficits and a poor clinical outcome. However, no previous study has identified the functional neural correlates of memory encoding in relation to remission.AimsTo determine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns differed between individuals that later achieved remission v. those who did not.MethodForty-two participants with first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups after 1 year of treatment as per the 2005 remission in schizophrenia consensus definition. We then examined fMRI activation using three contrasts (associative v. item-oriented strategy, semantically unrelated v. related image pairs, and successful v. unsuccessful memory encoding) among 15 participants who had achieved remission (remitted group), 27 who had not (non-remitted group) and 31 healthy controls (control group).ResultsParticipants in the non-remitted group displayed a positive activation in the posterior cingulate compared with those in the remitted group when encoding related images; no significant differences between the two groups were identified for the other contrasts. From the behavioural data, compared with the remitted and control groups, the non-remitted group demonstrated an inability to encode related images and displayed worse recognition memory overall.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify differential neural activation between individuals with first-episode schizophrenia that later achieved remission v. those who did not. The behavioural and functional results together add to the growing evidence relating a poor clinical outcome in schizophrenia to memory-related deficits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document